Module refinery.units

This package contains all refinery units. To write an executable refinery unit, it is sufficient to write a class that inherits from Unit and implements Unit.process(). If the operation implemented by this unit should be reversible, then a method called reverse with the same signature has to be implemented. For example, the following would be a minimalistic approach to implement hex:

from refinery import Unit

class hex(Unit):
    def process(self, data): return bytes.fromhex(data.decode('ascii'))
    def reverse(self, data): return data.hex().encode(self.codec)

The above script can be run from the command line. Since hex is not marked as abstract, its inherited Unit.run() method will be invoked when the script is executed.

Command Line Parameters

If you want your custom refinery unit to accept command line parameters, you can write an initialization routine. For example, the following unit implements a very simple XOR unit (less versatile than the already existing xor):

from refinery import Unit
import itertools

class myxor (Unit):
    def __init__(self, key: Unit.Arg.Binary(help='Encryption key')):
        pass

    def process(self, data: bytearray):
        key = itertools.cycle(self.args.key)
        for k, b in enumerate(data):
            data[k] ^= next(key)
        return data

The refinery.Arg decorator is optional and only used here to provide a help message on the command line. It is also available as the Arg class property of the refinery.Unit class for convenience. The example also shows that the __init__ code can be left empty: In this case, refinery automatically adds boilerplate code that copies all __init__ parameters to the args member variable of the unit. In this case, the constructor will be completed to have the following code:

    def __init__(self, key: Unit.Arg.Binary(help='Encryption key')):
        super().__init__(key=key)

The option of writing an empty __init__ was added because it is rarely needed to perform any processing of the input arguments. The command line help for this unit will look as follows:

usage: myxor [-h] [-Q] [-0] [-v] key

positional arguments:
  key            Encryption key

generic options:
  -h, --help     Show this help message and exit.
  -Q, --quiet    Disables all log output.
  -0, --devnull  Do not produce any output.
  -v, --verbose  Specify up to two times to increase log level.

Refinery Syntax in Code

Refinery units can be used in Python code (and a Python repl) in nearly the same way as on the command line. As one example, consider the following unit that can decode base64 with a custom alphabet using map and b64:

from refinery import Unit, b64, map

class b64custom(Unit):
    _b64alphabet = (
        B'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
        B'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
        B'0123456789+/'
    )

    def __init__(self, alphabet=_b64alphabet):
        if len(alphabet) != 64:
            raise ValueError('Alphabet size must be 64')
        super().__init__(alphabet=alphabet)

    def process(self, data):
        return data | map(self.args.alphabet, self._b64alphabet) | b64

    def reverse(self, data):
        return data | -b64 | map(self._b64alphabet, self.args.alphabet)

The syntax does not work exactly as on the command line, but it was designed to be as similar as possible:

  • The binary or operator | can be used to combine units into pipelines.
  • Combining a pipeline from the left with a byte string or io stream object will feed this byte string into the unit.
  • Unary negation of a reversible unit is equivalent to using the -R switch for reverse mode.
  • A pipeline is an iterable of output chunks, but there is quite a selection of objects that can be connected to a pipeline from the right using | for various different output options. See below for details.

If you want to use frames in code, simply omit any pipe before a square bracked. For example, the first example from the refinery.lib.frame documentation translates to the following Python code:

>>> from refinery import *
>>> B'OOOOOOOO' | chop(2) [ ccp(B'F') | cca(B'.') ]| ...
>>> bytearray(b'FOO.FOO.FOO.FOO.')

In the above example, the pipeline is piped to a literal ellipsis () to get the final result. The following section lists the other output options.

Output Options in Code

You can connect a pipeline to any binary i/o stream, and the output of the pipeline will be written to that stream. Example:

with open('output', 'wb') as stream:
    B'BINARY REFINERY' | xor(0x13) | stream

Furthermore, you can connect pipelines to any callable, and you can always use a literal ellipsis () to represent the identity function. The result of this is that you receive the raw output from the pipeline:

>>> B'BINARY REFINERY' | xor(0x13) | ...
bytearray(b'QZ]RAJ3AVUZ]VAJ')

You can also connect to sets and lists containing a single callable. In this case, the callable will be applied to each output chunk and all results will be collected in a list or set, respectively. Examples:

>>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.B') | [str]
['AB', 'AB', 'CB', 'AB', 'AB', 'HB']
>>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.B') | {str}
{'AB', 'CB', 'HB'}

You can also consume into a dictionary in a similar way:

>>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.(?P<k>.)B') | {'k': str}
{A: ['BAB', 'BAB'], H: ['CHB']}

Here, the dictionary is expected to contain exactly one key-value pair. The key is the name of a meta variable and the value is a conversion function. The result will be a dictionary where all converted results have been grouped under the respective value of their meta variable. With all of the above options, it is always possible to use a literal ellipsis ().

You can connect pipelines to bytearray and (writable) memoryview instances. In this case, the output will be appended to the end of this buffer. Finally, if you connect a pipeline to None, this will execute the unit but discard all output. This is useful for using units with side effects, like peek, in a REPL.

Expand source code Browse git
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This package contains all refinery units. To write an executable refinery unit,
it is sufficient to write a class that inherits from `refinery.units.Unit` and
implements `refinery.units.Unit.process`. If the operation implemented by this
unit should be reversible, then a method called `reverse` with the same
signature has to be implemented. For example, the following would be a
minimalistic approach to implement `refinery.hex`:

    from refinery import Unit

    class hex(Unit):
        def process(self, data): return bytes.fromhex(data.decode('ascii'))
        def reverse(self, data): return data.hex().encode(self.codec)

The above script can be run from the command line. Since `hex` is not marked as
abstract, its inherited `refinery.units.Unit.run` method will be invoked when
the script is executed.

### Command Line Parameters

If you want your custom refinery unit to accept command line parameters, you can
write an initialization routine. For example, the following unit implements a
very simple XOR unit (less versatile than the already existing `refinery.xor`):

    from refinery import Unit
    import itertools

    class myxor (Unit):
        def __init__(self, key: Unit.Arg.Binary(help='Encryption key')):
            pass

        def process(self, data: bytearray):
            key = itertools.cycle(self.args.key)
            for k, b in enumerate(data):
                data[k] ^= next(key)
            return data

The `refinery.Arg` decorator is optional and only used here to provide a help
message on the command line. It is also available as the `Arg` class property
of the `refinery.Unit` class for convenience. The example also shows that the
`__init__` code can be left empty: In this case, refinery automatically adds
boilerplate code that copies all `__init__` parameters to the `args` member
variable of the unit. In this case, the constructor will be completed to have
the following code:

        def __init__(self, key: Unit.Arg.Binary(help='Encryption key')):
            super().__init__(key=key)

The option of writing an empty `__init__` was added because it is rarely needed
to perform any processing of the input arguments. The command line help for this
unit will look as follows:

    usage: myxor [-h] [-Q] [-0] [-v] key

    positional arguments:
      key            Encryption key

    generic options:
      -h, --help     Show this help message and exit.
      -Q, --quiet    Disables all log output.
      -0, --devnull  Do not produce any output.
      -v, --verbose  Specify up to two times to increase log level.

### Refinery Syntax in Code

Refinery units can be used in Python code (and a Python repl) in nearly the same
way as on the command line. As one example, consider the following unit that can
decode base64 with a custom alphabet using `refinery.map` and `refinery.b64`:

    from refinery import Unit, b64, map

    class b64custom(Unit):
        _b64alphabet = (
            B'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
            B'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
            B'0123456789+/'
        )

        def __init__(self, alphabet=_b64alphabet):
            if len(alphabet) != 64:
                raise ValueError('Alphabet size must be 64')
            super().__init__(alphabet=alphabet)

        def process(self, data):
            return data | map(self.args.alphabet, self._b64alphabet) | b64

        def reverse(self, data):
            return data | -b64 | map(self._b64alphabet, self.args.alphabet)

The syntax does not work exactly as on the command line, but it was designed to
be as similar as possible:

- The binary or operator `|` can be used to combine units into pipelines.
- Combining a pipeline from the left with a byte string or io stream object will
  feed this byte string into the unit.
- Unary negation of a reversible unit is equivalent to using the `-R` switch for
  reverse mode.
- A pipeline is an iterable of output chunks, but there is quite a selection of
  objects that can be connected to a pipeline from the right using `|` for
  various different output options. See below for details.

If you want to use frames in code, simply omit any pipe before a square bracked.
For example, the first example from the `refinery.lib.frame` documentation
translates to the following Python code:

    >>> from refinery import *
    >>> B'OOOOOOOO' | chop(2) [ ccp(B'F') | cca(B'.') ]| ...
    >>> bytearray(b'FOO.FOO.FOO.FOO.')

In the above example, the pipeline is piped to a literal ellipsis (`...`) to get
the final result. The following section lists the other output options.

### Output Options in Code

You can connect a pipeline to any binary i/o stream, and the output of the
pipeline will be written to that stream. Example:

    with open('output', 'wb') as stream:
        B'BINARY REFINERY' | xor(0x13) | stream

Furthermore, you can connect pipelines to any callable, and you can always use
a literal ellipsis (`...`) to represent the identity function. The result of
this is that you receive the raw output from the pipeline:

    >>> B'BINARY REFINERY' | xor(0x13) | ...
    bytearray(b'QZ]RAJ3AVUZ]VAJ')

You can also connect to sets and lists containing a single callable. In this
case, the callable will be applied to each output chunk and all results will be
collected in a list or set, respectively. Examples:

    >>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.B') | [str]
    ['AB', 'AB', 'CB', 'AB', 'AB', 'HB']
    >>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.B') | {str}
    {'AB', 'CB', 'HB'}

You can also consume into a dictionary in a similar way:

    >>> B'ABABCBABABCHB' | rex('.(?P<k>.)B') | {'k': str}
    {A: ['BAB', 'BAB'], H: ['CHB']}

Here, the dictionary is expected to contain exactly one key-value pair. The key
is the name of a meta variable and the value is a conversion function. The
result will be a dictionary where all converted results have been grouped under
the respective value of their meta variable. With all of the above options, it
is always possible to use a literal ellipsis (`...`).

You can connect pipelines to `bytearray` and (writable) `memoryview` instances.
In this case, the output will be appended to the end of this buffer. Finally, if
you connect a pipeline to `None`, this will execute the unit but discard all
output. This is useful for using units with side effects, like `refinery.peek`,
in a REPL.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import abc
import copy
import inspect
import os
import sys

from abc import ABCMeta
from enum import Enum
from functools import wraps
from collections import OrderedDict
from threading import Lock

from typing import (
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    Sequence,
    Set,
    Type,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
    List,
    Optional,
    Callable,
    ClassVar,
    Tuple,
    Any,
    ByteString,
    Generator,
    overload,
    no_type_check,
    get_type_hints
)

from argparse import (
    ArgumentTypeError, Namespace,
    ONE_OR_MORE,
    OPTIONAL,
    REMAINDER,
    ZERO_OR_MORE
)

from refinery.lib.argparser import ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks, ArgparseError
from refinery.lib.frame import Framed, Chunk
from refinery.lib.structures import MemoryFile
from refinery.lib.environment import LogLevel, Logger, environment, logger
from refinery.lib.types import ByteStr, Singleton

from refinery.lib.argformats import (
    manifest,
    multibin,
    number,
    numseq,
    ParserVariableMissing,
    pending,
    regexp,
    sliceobj,
    VariableMissing,
)

from refinery.lib.tools import (
    autoinvoke,
    documentation,
    isbuffer,
    isstream,
    lookahead,
    normalize_to_display,
    normalize_to_identifier,
    one,
    skipfirst,
)


ByteIO = MemoryFile[ByteStr]


class RefineryPartialResult(ValueError):
    """
    This exception indicates that a partial result is available.
    """
    def __init__(self, message: str, partial: ByteString, rest: Optional[ByteString] = None):
        super().__init__(message)
        self.message = message
        self.partial = partial
        self.rest = rest

    def __str__(self):
        return self.message


class RefineryImportMissing(ModuleNotFoundError):
    def __init__(self, missing: str, *dependencies: str):
        super().__init__()
        import shlex
        self.missing = missing
        self.install = ' '.join(shlex.quote(dist) for dist in dependencies)
        self.dependencies = dependencies


class RefineryCriticalException(RuntimeError):
    """
    If this exception is thrown, processing of the entire input stream
    is aborted instead of just aborting the processing of the current
    chunk.
    """
    pass


class RefineryException(RuntimeError):
    """
    This is an exception that was not generated by an external library.
    """
    pass


class Entry:
    """
    An empty class marker. Any entry point unit (i.e. any unit that can be executed
    via the command line) is an instance of this class.
    """
    pass


class Argument:
    """
    This class implements an abstract argument to a Python function, including positional
    and keyword arguments. Passing an `Argument` to a Python function can be done via the
    matrix multiplication operator: The syntax `function @ Argument(a, b, kwd=c)` is
    equivalent to the call `function(a, b, kwd=c)`.
    """
    __slots__ = 'args', 'kwargs'

    args: List[Any]
    kwargs: Dict[str, Any]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.args = list(args)
        self.kwargs = kwargs

    def __rmatmul__(self, method):
        return method(*self.args, **self.kwargs)

    def __repr__(self):
        def rep(v):
            r = repr(v)
            if r.startswith('<'):
                try:
                    return v.__name__
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
                try:
                    return v.__class__.__name__
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
            return r
        arglist = [repr(a) for a in self.args]
        arglist.extend(F'{key!s}={rep(value)}' for key, value in self.kwargs.items())
        return ', '.join(arglist)


class Arg(Argument):
    """
    This class is specifically an argument for the `add_argument` method of an `ArgumentParser` from
    the `argparse` module. It can also be used as a decorator or annotation for the constructor of a
    refinery unit to better control the argument parser of that unit's command line interface.
    Example:
    ```
    class prefixer(Unit):
        def __init__(
            self,
            prefix: Arg.Binary(help='This data will be prepended to the input.')
        ): ...
        def process(self, data):
            return self.args.prefix + data
    ```
    Note that when the init of a unit has a return annotation that is a base class of itself, then
    all its parameters will automatically be forwarded to that base class.
    """

    class delete: pass
    class omit: pass

    args: List[str]

    def __init__(
        self, *args: str,
            action   : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            choices  : Union[omit, Iterable[Any]] = omit, # noqa
            const    : Union[omit, Any]           = omit, # noqa
            default  : Union[omit, Any]           = omit, # noqa
            dest     : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            help     : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            metavar  : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            nargs    : Union[omit, int, str]      = omit, # noqa
            required : Union[omit, bool]          = omit, # noqa
            type     : Union[omit, type]          = omit, # noqa
            group    : Optional[str]              = None, # noqa
            guessed  : Optional[Set[str]]         = None, # noqa
    ) -> None:
        kwargs = dict(action=action, choices=choices, const=const, default=default, dest=dest,
            help=help, metavar=metavar, nargs=nargs, required=required, type=type)
        kwargs = {key: value for key, value in kwargs.items() if value is not Arg.omit}
        self.group = group
        self.guessed = set(guessed or ())
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def update_help(self):
        if 'help' not in self.kwargs:
            return

        class formatting(dict):
            arg = self

            def __missing__(self, key):
                if key == 'choices':
                    return ', '.join(self.arg.kwargs['choices'])
                if key == 'default':
                    default: Union[bytes, int, str, slice] = self.arg.kwargs['default']
                    if isinstance(default, (list, tuple, set)):
                        if not default:
                            return 'empty'
                        elif len(default) == 1:
                            default = default[0]
                    if isinstance(default, slice):
                        parts = [default.start or '', default.stop or '', default.step]
                        default = ':'.join(str(x) for x in parts if x is not None)
                    if isinstance(default, int):
                        return default
                    if not isbuffer(default):
                        return default
                    if default.isalnum():
                        return default.decode('latin-1')
                    return F'H:{default.hex()}'
                if key == 'varname':
                    return self.arg.kwargs.get('metavar', self.arg.destination)

        try:
            help_string: str = self.kwargs['help']
            self.kwargs.update(
                help=help_string.format_map(formatting()))
        except Exception:
            pass

    def __rmatmul__(self, method):
        self.update_help()
        return super().__rmatmul__(method)

    @staticmethod
    def AsOption(value: Optional[Any], cls: Enum) -> Enum:
        if value is None or isinstance(value, cls):
            return value
        if isinstance(value, str):
            try: return cls[value]
            except KeyError: pass
            needle = normalize_to_identifier(value).casefold()
            for item in cls.__members__:
                if item.casefold() == needle:
                    return cls[item]
        try:
            return cls(value)
        except Exception as E:
            choices = ', '.join(normalize_to_display(m) for m in cls.__members__)
            raise ValueError(F'Could not transform {value} into {cls.__name__}; the choices are: {choices}') from E

    @classmethod
    def Delete(cls):
        return cls(nargs=cls.delete)

    @classmethod
    def Counts(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        A convenience method to add argparse arguments that introduce a counter.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='count')

    @classmethod
    def Switch(
        cls,
        *args   : str, off=False,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        A convenience method to add argparse arguments that change a boolean value from True to False or
        vice versa. By default, a switch will have a False default and change it to True when specified.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='store_false' if off else 'store_true')

    @classmethod
    def Binary(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain binary data.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'B'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=multibin, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def String(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain string data.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'STR'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=str, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def RegExp(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a regular expression.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'REGEX'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=regexp, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def NumSeq(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a numeric sequence.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=numseq, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def Bounds(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Optional[Union[omit, str]] = None,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        default : Union[omit, Any] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = 'start:end:step',
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a slice.
        """
        if help is None:
            help = 'Specify start:end:step in Python slice syntax.'
            if default is not cls.omit:
                help = F'{help} The default is {{default}}.'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, default=default, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=sliceobj, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def Number(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        bound   : Union[omit, Tuple[int, int]] = omit,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a number.
        """
        nt = number
        if bound is not cls.omit:
            lower, upper = bound
            nt = nt[lower:upper]
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, type=nt, metavar=metavar or 'N')

    @classmethod
    def Option(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        choices : Enum,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on an enumeration.
        """
        cnames = [normalize_to_display(c).casefold() for c in choices.__members__]
        metavar = metavar or choices.__name__
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, metavar=metavar, dest=dest, choices=cnames, type=str.casefold)

    @classmethod
    def Choice(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        choices : List[str],
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        type    : Type = str,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on a list of strings.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, type=type, metavar=metavar, nargs=nargs,
            dest=dest, help=help, choices=choices)

    @property
    def positional(self) -> bool:
        return any(a[0] != '-' for a in self.args)

    @property
    def destination(self) -> str:
        """
        The name of the variable where the contents of this parsed argument will be stored.
        """
        for a in self.args:
            if a[0] != '-':
                return a
        try:
            return self.kwargs['dest']
        except KeyError:
            for a in self.args:
                if a.startswith('--'):
                    dest = normalize_to_identifier(a)
                    if dest.isidentifier():
                        return dest
            raise AttributeError(F'The argument with these values has no destination: {self!r}')

    @classmethod
    def Infer(cls, pt: inspect.Parameter, module: Optional[str] = None):
        """
        This class method can be used to infer the argparse argument for a Python function
        parameter. This guess is based on the annotation, name, and default value.
        """

        def needs_type(item: Dict[str, str]):
            try:
                return item['action'] == 'store'
            except KeyError:
                return True

        def get_argp_type(annotation_type):
            if issubclass(annotation_type, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
                return multibin
            if issubclass(annotation_type, int):
                return number
            if issubclass(annotation_type, slice):
                return sliceobj
            return annotation_type

        name = normalize_to_display(pt.name, False)
        default = pt.default
        guessed_pos_args = []
        guessed_kwd_args = dict(dest=pt.name)
        guessed = set()
        annotation = pt.annotation

        def guess(key, value):
            try:
                return guessed_kwd_args[key]
            except KeyError:
                guessed_kwd_args[key] = value
                guessed.add(key)
                return value

        if isinstance(annotation, str):
            symbols = None
            while symbols is not False:
                try:
                    annotation = eval(annotation, symbols)
                except NameError:
                    if symbols is not None or module is None:
                        break
                    try:
                        import importlib
                        symbols = importlib.import_module(module).__dict__
                    except Exception:
                        symbols = False
                except Exception:
                    pass
                else:
                    break

        if annotation is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(annotation, Arg):
                if annotation.kwargs.get('dest', pt.name) != pt.name:
                    raise ValueError(
                        F'Incompatible argument destination specified; parameter {pt.name} '
                        F'was annotated with {annotation!r}.')
                guessed_pos_args = annotation.args
                guessed_kwd_args.update(annotation.kwargs)
                guessed_kwd_args.update(group=annotation.group)
            elif isinstance(annotation, type):
                guessed.add('type')
                if not issubclass(annotation, bool) and needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
                    guessed_kwd_args.update(type=get_argp_type(annotation))
                elif not isinstance(default, bool):
                    raise ValueError('Default value for boolean arguments must be provided.')

        if not guessed_pos_args:
            guessed_pos_args = guessed_pos_args or [F'--{name}' if pt.kind is pt.KEYWORD_ONLY else name]

        if pt.kind is pt.VAR_POSITIONAL:
            oldnargs = guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
            if oldnargs not in (ONE_OR_MORE, ZERO_OR_MORE, REMAINDER):
                raise ValueError(F'Variadic positional arguments has nargs set to {oldnargs!r}')
            return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args)

        if default is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(default, Enum):
                default = default.name
            if isinstance(default, (list, tuple)):
                guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
                if not pt.default:
                    default = pt.empty
                else:
                    guessed_kwd_args['default'] = pt.default
                    default = default[0]
            else:
                guessed_kwd_args['default'] = default
                if pt.kind is pt.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
                    guess('nargs', OPTIONAL)

        if default is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(default, bool):
                action = 'store_false' if default else 'store_true'
                guessed_kwd_args['action'] = action
            elif needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
                guess('type', get_argp_type(type(default)))

        return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args, guessed=guessed)

    def merge_args(self, them: Argument) -> None:
        def iterboth():
            yield from them.args
            yield from self.args
        if not self.args:
            self.args = list(them.args)
            return
        sflag = None
        lflag = None
        for a in iterboth():
            if a[:2] == '--': lflag = lflag or a
            elif a[0] == '-': sflag = sflag or a
        self.args = []
        if sflag: self.args.append(sflag)
        if lflag: self.args.append(lflag)
        if not self.args:
            self.args = list(them.args)

    def merge_all(self, them: Arg) -> None:
        for key, value in them.kwargs.items():
            if value is Arg.delete:
                self.kwargs.pop(key, None)
                self.guessed.discard(key)
                continue
            if key in them.guessed:
                if key not in self.guessed:
                    if key == 'type' and self.kwargs.get('action', None) != 'store':
                        continue
                    if key in self.kwargs:
                        continue
                self.guessed.add(key)
            self.kwargs[key] = value
        self.merge_args(them)
        self.group = them.group or self.group

    def __copy__(self) -> Argument:
        cls = self.__class__
        clone = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone.kwargs = dict(self.kwargs)
        clone.args = list(self.args)
        clone.group = self.group
        clone.guessed = set(self.guessed)
        return clone

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return F'{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()})'

    def __call__(self, init: Callable) -> Callable:
        parameters = inspect.signature(init).parameters
        try:
            inferred = Arg.Infer(parameters[self.destination])
            inferred.merge_all(self)
            init.__annotations__[self.destination] = inferred
        except KeyError:
            raise ValueError(F'Unable to decorate because no parameter with name {self.destination} exists.')
        return init


class ArgumentSpecification(OrderedDict):
    """
    A container object that stores `refinery.units.arg` specifications.
    """

    def merge(self: Dict[str, Arg], argument: Arg):
        """
        Insert or update the specification with the given argument.
        """
        dest = argument.destination
        if dest in self:
            self[dest].merge_all(argument)
            return
        self[dest] = argument


DataType = TypeVar('DataType', bound=ByteString)
ProcType = Callable[['Unit', ByteString], Optional[Union[DataType, Iterable[DataType]]]]

_T = TypeVar('_T')


def UnitProcessorBoilerplate(operation: ProcType[ByteString]) -> ProcType[Chunk]:
    @wraps(operation)
    def wrapped(self: Unit, data: ByteString) -> Optional[Union[Chunk, Iterable[Chunk]]]:
        ChunkType = Chunk
        if data is None:
            data = B''
        typespec = get_type_hints(operation)
        typespec.pop('return', None)
        if typespec and len(typespec) == 1:
            SpecType = next(iter(typespec.values()))
            if isinstance(SpecType, str):
                try: SpecType = eval(SpecType)
                except Exception: pass
            if isinstance(SpecType, type):
                ChunkType = SpecType
        if not isinstance(data, ChunkType):
            data = ChunkType(data)
        result = operation(self, data)
        if isinstance(result, Chunk):
            return result
        elif not inspect.isgenerator(result):
            return Chunk(result)
        return (Chunk.Wrap(r) for r in result)
    return wrapped


def UnitFilterBoilerplate(
    operation : Callable[[Any, Iterable[Chunk]], Iterable[Chunk]]
) -> Callable[[Any, Iterable[Chunk]], Iterable[Chunk]]:
    @wraps(operation)
    def peekfilter(self, chunks: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        def _apply_args_to_head():
            it = iter(chunks)
            for chunk in it:
                if chunk.visible:
                    yield self.args @ chunk
                    break
                else:
                    yield chunk
            yield from it
        yield from operation(self, _apply_args_to_head())
    return peekfilter


class MissingFunction(metaclass=Singleton):
    """
    A singleton class that represents a missing function. Used internally to
    indicate that a unit does not implement a reverse operation.
    """
    def __call__(*_, **__):
        raise NotImplementedError


class Executable(ABCMeta):
    """
    This is the metaclass for refinery units. A class which is of this type is
    required to implement a method `run()`. If the class is created in the
    currently executing module, then an instance of the class is automatically
    created after it is defined and its `run()` method is invoked.
    """

    Entry = None
    """
    This variable stores the executable entry point. If more than one entry point
    are present, only the first one is executed and an error message is generated
    for the other ones.
    """

    _argument_specification: Dict[str, Arg]

    def _infer_argspec(cls, parameters: Dict[str, inspect.Parameter], args: Optional[Dict[str, Arg]], module: str):

        args: Dict[str, Arg] = ArgumentSpecification() if args is None else args

        exposed = [pt.name for pt in skipfirst(parameters.values()) if pt.kind != pt.VAR_KEYWORD]
        # The arguments are added in reverse order to the argument parser later.
        # This is done to have a more intuitive use of decorator based argument configuration.
        exposed.reverse()

        for name in exposed:
            try:
                argument = Arg.Infer(parameters[name], module)
            except KeyError:
                continue
            args.merge(argument)

        for name in exposed:
            args.move_to_end(name)

        for known in args.values():
            if known.positional:
                known.kwargs.pop('dest', None)
                if 'default' in known.kwargs:
                    known.kwargs.setdefault('nargs', OPTIONAL)
            elif not any(len(a) > 2 for a in known.args):
                flagname = normalize_to_display(known.destination, False)
                known.args.append(F'--{flagname}')
            action: str = known.kwargs.get('action', 'store')
            if action.startswith('store_'):
                known.kwargs.pop('default', None)
                continue
            if action == 'store':
                known.kwargs.setdefault('type', multibin)
        return args

    def __new__(mcs, name: str, bases: Sequence[Executable], nmspc: Dict[str, Any], abstract=False, extend_docs=False):
        def decorate(**decorations):
            for method, decorator in decorations.items():
                try:
                    old = nmspc[method]
                except KeyError:
                    continue
                if getattr(old, '__isabstractmethod__', False):
                    continue
                nmspc[method] = decorator(old)
        decorate(
            filter=UnitFilterBoilerplate,
            process=UnitProcessorBoilerplate,
            reverse=UnitProcessorBoilerplate,
            __init__=no_type_check,
        )
        if not abstract and Entry not in bases:
            bases = bases + (Entry,)
            if not bases[0].is_reversible:
                nmspc.setdefault('reverse', MissingFunction)
        nmspc.setdefault('__doc__', '')
        return super(Executable, mcs).__new__(mcs, name, bases, nmspc)

    def __init__(cls, name: str, bases: Sequence[Executable], nmspc: Dict[str, Any], abstract=False, extend_docs=False):
        super(Executable, cls).__init__(name, bases, nmspc)
        cls._argument_specification = args = ArgumentSpecification()

        cls_init = cls.__init__
        sig_init = inspect.signature(cls_init)
        parameters = sig_init.parameters
        has_keyword = any(p.kind == p.VAR_KEYWORD for p in parameters.values())
        inherited = []

        for base in bases:
            base: Executable
            for key, value in base._argument_specification.items():
                if key in parameters:
                    args[key] = value.__copy__()

        if extend_docs and bases:
            base_doc = bases[~0].__doc__.rstrip().lstrip('\n')
            if base_doc:
                cls.__doc__ = F'{cls.__doc__}\n{base_doc}'

        if not abstract and bases and has_keyword:
            for key, value in bases[0]._argument_specification.items():
                if key not in args:
                    args[key] = value.__copy__()
                    inherited.append(key)

        cls._infer_argspec(parameters, args, cls.__module__)

        if not abstract and has_keyword:
            cls__init__ = cls.__init__

            @wraps(cls__init__)
            def new__init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                cls__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

            params = [p for p in parameters.values() if p.kind != p.VAR_KEYWORD]
            if inherited:
                pp = inspect.signature(bases[0].__init__).parameters
                for name in inherited:
                    params.append(pp[name])
            new__init__.__signature__ = sig_init.replace(parameters=tuple(params))
            cls.__init__ = new__init__

        try:
            initcode = cls.__init__.__code__.co_code
        except AttributeError:
            initcode = None

        if initcode == (lambda: None).__code__.co_code:
            base = bases[0]
            head = []
            defs = {}
            tail = None

            for p in skipfirst(parameters.values()):
                if p.kind in (p.POSITIONAL_ONLY, p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD):
                    head.append(p.name)
                if p.kind in (p.KEYWORD_ONLY, p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD) and p.default is not p.empty:
                    defs[p.name] = p.default
                if p.kind is p.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                    tail = p.name

            @wraps(cls.__init__)
            def cls__init__(self, *args, **kw):
                for name, arg in zip(head, args):
                    kw[name] = arg
                if tail:
                    k = min(len(args), len(head))
                    kw[tail] = args[k:]
                for key in defs:
                    if key not in kw:
                        kw[key] = defs[key]
                base.__init__(self, **kw)

            cls.__init__ = cls__init__

        if not abstract and sys.modules[cls.__module__].__name__ == '__main__':
            if not Executable.Entry:
                Executable.Entry = cls.name
                cls.run()

    def __getitem__(cls, other):
        return cls().__getitem__(other)

    def __or__(cls, other):
        return cls().__or__(other)

    def __pos__(cls):
        return cls()

    def __neg__(cls):
        unit: Unit = cls()
        unit.args.reverse = 1
        return unit

    def __ror__(cls, other) -> Unit:
        return cls().__ror__(other)

    @property
    def is_reversible(cls) -> bool:
        """
        This property is `True` if and only if the unit has a member function named `reverse`. By convention,
        this member function implements the inverse of `refinery.units.Unit.process`.
        """
        if cls.reverse is MissingFunction:
            return False
        try:
            return not cls.reverse.__isabstractmethod__
        except AttributeError:
            return True

    @property
    def codec(cls) -> str:
        """
        The default codec for encoding textual information between units. The value of this property is
        hardcoded to `UTF8`.
        """
        return 'UTF8'

    @property
    def name(cls) -> str:
        return normalize_to_display(cls.__name__)

    @property
    def logger(cls) -> Logger:
        try:
            return cls._logger
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        cls._logger = _logger = logger(cls.name)
        return _logger


class DelayedArgumentProxy:
    """
    This class implements a proxy for the `args` member variable of `refinery.units.Unit`.
    Its primary purpose is to proxy `refinery.lib.argformats.DelayedArgument` values which
    can be computed only as soon as input data becomes available and which also have to be
    recomputed for each input.
    """
    _argv: Namespace
    _argo: List[str]
    _args: Dict[str, Any]
    _done: bool
    _guid: int
    _lock: Lock

    def __copy__(self):
        cls = self.__class__
        clone = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone._store(
            _lock=Lock(),
            _argv=self._argv,
            _argo=list(self._argo),
            _args=dict(self._args),
            _done=self._done,
            _guid=self._guid,
        )
        return clone

    def __iter__(self):
        yield from self._args

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._args[key]

    def __init__(self, argv: Namespace, argo: Iterable[str]):
        args = {}
        done = True
        for name, value in vars(argv).items():
            if not pending(value):
                args[name] = value
            else:
                done = False
        self._store(
            _lock=Lock(),
            _argv=argv,
            _argo=list(argo),
            _args=args,
            _done=done,
            _guid=None,
        )

    def __call__(self, data: bytearray):
        """
        Update the current arguments for the input `data`, regardless of whether or not this chunk
        has already been used. In most cases, the matrix-multiplication syntax should be used instead
        of this direct call: If a multibin argument modifies the meta dictionary by being applied, a
        second interpretation of this argument with the same chunk might cause an error. For example,
        if an argument specifies to pop a meta variable from the meta dictionary, this variable will
        not be available for a second interpretation call.
        """
        for name in self._argo:
            if self._lock.locked():
                raise RuntimeError(F'Attempting to resolve {name} while an update for this argument is in flight')
            with self._lock:
                value = getattr(self._argv, name, None)
                if value and pending(value):
                    self._args[name] = manifest(value, data)
            self._store(_guid=id(data))
        return data

    def __matmul__(self, data: bytearray):
        """
        Interpret the current arguments for the given input `data`.
        """
        if self._done:
            return data
        if not isinstance(data, bytearray):
            data = bytearray(data)
        if id(data) == self._guid:
            return data
        return self(data)

    def _store(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        try:
            return super().__getattr__(name)
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        try:
            return self._args[name]
        except KeyError:
            pass
        try:
            value = getattr(self._argv, name)
        except AttributeError as E:
            raise AttributeError(F'Argument {name} not set.') from E
        if not value or not pending(value):
            return value
        raise AttributeError(F'the value {name} cannot be accessed until data is available.')

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if not hasattr(self._argv, name):
            self._argo.append(name)
        if pending(value):
            self._store(_done=False)
        else:
            self._args[name] = value
        return setattr(self._argv, name, value)


class UnitBase(metaclass=Executable, abstract=True):
    """
    This base class is an abstract interface specifying the abstract methods that have
    to be present on any unit. All actual units should inherit from its only child class
    `refinery.units.Unit`.
    """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def process(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
        """
        This routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit` to define how
        the unit processes a given chunk of binary data.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def reverse(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
        """
        If this routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit`, then it must
        implement an operation that reverses the `refinery.units.Unit.process` operation.
        The absence of an overload for this function is ignored for non-abstract children of
        `refinery.units.UnitBase`.
        """

    @abc.abstractclassmethod
    def handles(self, data: ByteString) -> Optional[bool]:
        """
        This tri-state routine returns `True` if the unit is certain that it can process the
        given input data, and `False` if it is convinced of the opposite. `None` is returned
        when no clear verdict is available.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def filter(self, inputs: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        """
        Receives an iterable of `refinery.lib.frame.Chunk`s and yields only those that
        should be processed. The default implementation returns the iterator without
        change; this member function is designed to be overloaded by child classes of
        `refinery.units.Unit` to allow inspection of an entire frame layer and altering
        it before `refinery.units.Unit.process` is called on the individual chunks.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def finish(self) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        """
        Child classes of `refinery.units.Unit` can overwrite this method to generate a
        stream of chunks to be processed after the last frame has been processed.
        """


class requirement(property):
    pass


class Unit(UnitBase, abstract=True):
    """
    The base class for all refinery units. It implements a small set of globally
    available options and the handling for multiple inputs and outputs. All units
    implement the _framing_ syntax for producing multiple outputs and ingesting
    multiple inputs in a common format. For more details, see `refinery.lib.frame`.
    """
    Arg = Arg

    required_dependencies: Optional[Set[str]] = None
    optional_dependencies: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None

    @staticmethod
    def Requires(distribution: str, *_buckets: str):

        class Requirement(requirement):
            dependency: ClassVar[str] = distribution
            required: ClassVar[bool] = not _buckets

            def __init__(self, importer: Callable):
                super().__init__(importer)
                self.module = None

            def __set_name__(self, unit: Type[Unit], name: str):
                if self.required:
                    bucket = unit.required_dependencies
                    if bucket is None:
                        unit.required_dependencies = bucket = set()
                    buckets = [bucket]
                else:
                    optmap = unit.optional_dependencies
                    if optmap is None:
                        unit.optional_dependencies = optmap = {}
                    buckets = [optmap.setdefault(name, set()) for name in _buckets]
                for bucket in buckets:
                    bucket.add(self.dependency)

            def __get__(self, unit: Optional[Type[Unit]], tp: Optional[Type[Executable]] = None):
                if self.module is not None:
                    return self.module
                try:
                    self.module = module = self.fget()
                except ImportError as E:
                    deps = unit.optional_dependencies or {}
                    args = set()
                    for v in deps.values():
                        args.update(v)
                    raise RefineryImportMissing(self.dependency, *args) from E
                except Exception as E:
                    raise AttributeError(F'module import for distribution "{distribution}" failed: {E!s}')
                else:
                    return module

        return Requirement

    @property
    def is_reversible(self) -> bool:
        return self.__class__.is_reversible

    @property
    def codec(self) -> str:
        return self.__class__.codec

    @property
    def logger(self):
        logger: Logger = self.__class__.logger
        return logger

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.__class__.name

    @property
    def is_quiet(self) -> bool:
        try:
            return self.args.quiet
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    @property
    def log_level(self) -> LogLevel:
        """
        Returns the current log level as an element of `refinery.units.LogLevel`.
        """
        if self.is_quiet:
            return LogLevel.NONE
        return LogLevel(self.logger.getEffectiveLevel())

    @log_level.setter
    def log_level(self, value: Union[int, LogLevel]) -> None:
        if not isinstance(value, LogLevel):
            value = LogLevel.FromVerbosity(value)
        self.logger.setLevel(value)

    def log_detach(self) -> None:
        """
        When a unit is created using the `refinery.units.Unit.assemble` method, it is attached to a
        logger by default (in less abstract terms, the `refinery.units.Unit.log_level` property is
        set to a positive value). This method detaches the unit from its logger, which also means that
        any exceptions that occur during runtime will be raised to the caller.
        """
        self.log_level = LogLevel.DETACHED
        return self

    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[Chunk, None, None]:
        return self

    @property
    def leniency(self) -> int:
        return getattr(self.args, 'lenient', 0)

    def _exception_handler(self, exception: BaseException, data: Optional[ByteString]):
        if data is not None and self.leniency > 1:
            try:
                return exception.partial
            except AttributeError:
                return data
        if isinstance(exception, RefineryPartialResult):
            if self.leniency >= 1:
                return exception.partial
            if self.log_level < LogLevel.DETACHED:
                self.log_warn(F'error, partial result returned: {exception}')
                return None
            raise exception
        elif self.log_level >= LogLevel.DETACHED:
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryCriticalException):
            self.log_warn(F'critical error, terminating: {exception}')
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, VariableMissing):
            self.log_warn('critical error:', exception.args[0])
        elif isinstance(exception, GeneratorExit):
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryImportMissing):
            self.log_fail(F'dependency {exception.missing} is missing; run pip install {exception.install}')
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryException):
            self.log_fail(exception.args[0])
        else:
            try:
                explanation = exception.args[0]
            except (AttributeError, IndexError):
                explanation = exception
            if not isinstance(explanation, str):
                explanation = exception
            explanation = str(explanation).strip()
            message = F'exception of type {exception.__class__.__name__}'
            if explanation:
                message = F'{message}; {explanation!s}'
            if self.log_level <= LogLevel.INFO and data is not None:
                from refinery.units.sinks.peek import peek
                peeked = str(data | peek(lines=2, decode=True, stdout=True))
                message = F'{message}\n{peeked}'
            self.log_fail(message)

        if self.log_debug():
            import traceback
            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)

    def __next__(self) -> Chunk:
        if not self._chunks:
            self._chunks = iter(self._framehandler)
        while True:
            try:
                return next(self._chunks)
            except StopIteration:
                raise
            except RefineryCriticalException as R:
                raise StopIteration from R
            except BaseException as B:
                self._exception_handler(B, None)
                raise StopIteration from B

    @property
    def _framehandler(self) -> Framed:
        if self._framed:
            return self._framed

        def normalized_action(data: ByteString) -> Generator[Chunk, None, None]:
            try:
                result = self.act(data)
                if inspect.isgenerator(result):
                    yield from (x for x in result if x is not None)
                elif result is not None:
                    yield result
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                raise
            except BaseException as B:
                result = self._exception_handler(B, data)
                message = str(B).strip() or 'unknown'
                if result is not None:
                    yield self.labelled(result, error=message)

        self._framed = Framed(
            normalized_action,
            self.source,
            self.args.nesting,
            self.args.squeeze,
            self.filter,
            self.finish,
        )
        return self._framed

    def finish(self) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        yield from ()

    def filter(self, inputs: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        return inputs

    @classmethod
    def handles(self, data: bytearray) -> Optional[bool]:
        return None

    def reset(self):
        try:
            self._source.reset()
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        self._framed = None
        self._chunks = None

    @property
    def source(self):
        """
        Represents a unit or binary IO stream which has been attached to this unit as its
        source of input data.
        """
        return self._source

    @source.setter
    def source(self, stream):
        if isinstance(stream, self.__class__.__class__):
            stream = stream()
        if not isinstance(stream, self.__class__):
            self.reset()
        self._source = stream

    @property
    def nozzle(self) -> Unit:
        """
        The nozzle is defined recursively as the nozzle of `refinery.units.Unit.source`
        and `self` if no such thing exists. In other words, it is the leftmost unit in
        a pipeline, where data should be inserted for processing.
        """
        try:
            return self.source.nozzle
        except AttributeError:
            return self

    def __getitem__(self, unit: Union[Unit, Type[Unit], slice]):
        if isinstance(unit, type):
            unit = unit()
        alpha = self.__copy__()
        if isinstance(unit, slice):
            if unit.start or unit.stop or unit.step:
                raise ValueError
            alpha.args.squeeze = True
            return alpha
        omega = unit.__copy__()
        alpha.args.nesting += 1
        omega.args.nesting -= 1
        omega.nozzle.source = alpha
        return omega

    def __pos__(self):
        return self

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.nozzle.source.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

    def __neg__(self) -> Unit:
        pipeline = []
        cursor = self
        while isinstance(cursor, Unit):
            reversed = copy.copy(cursor)
            reversed.args.reverse = 1
            reversed._source = None
            reversed.reset()
            pipeline.append(reversed)
            cursor = cursor._source
        reversed = None
        while pipeline:
            reversed = reversed | pipeline.pop()
        return reversed

    def __ror__(self, stream: Union[str, ByteIO, ByteString]):
        if stream is None:
            return self
        if not isstream(stream):
            if isinstance(stream, str):
                stream = stream.encode(self.codec)
            stream = MemoryFile(stream) if stream else open(os.devnull, 'rb')
        self.reset()
        self.nozzle.source = stream
        return self

    def __str__(self):
        return self | str

    def __bytes__(self):
        return self | bytes

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Callable[[ByteString], _T]) -> _T: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Union[Unit, Type[Unit]]) -> Unit: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: dict) -> dict: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: list) -> list: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: set) -> set: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: bytearray) -> bytearray: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: memoryview) -> memoryview: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Type[None]) -> None: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Type[bytearray]) -> bytearray: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: ByteIO) -> ByteIO: ...

    def __or__(self, stream):
        def get_converter(it: Iterable):
            try:
                c = one(it)
            except LookupError:
                return None
            if ... is c:
                def identity(x):
                    return x
                return identity
            if callable(c):
                return c

        if stream is None:
            with open(os.devnull, 'wb') as null:
                self | null
            return
        if isinstance(stream, type) and issubclass(stream, Entry):
            stream = stream()
        if isinstance(stream, type(...)):
            def stream(c): return c
        if isinstance(stream, Entry):
            return stream.__copy__().__ror__(self)
        elif isinstance(stream, list):
            converter = get_converter(stream)
            if converter is None:
                stream.extend(self)
                return stream
            return [converter(chunk) for chunk in self]
        elif isinstance(stream, set):
            converter = get_converter(stream)
            if converter is None:
                stream.update(self)
                return stream
            return {converter(chunk) for chunk in self}
        elif isinstance(stream, dict):
            key, convert = one(stream.items())
            output: Dict[Any, Union[List[Chunk], Set[Chunk]]] = {}
            deconflict = None
            if isinstance(convert, (list, set)):
                deconflict = type(convert)
                convert = one(convert)
            for item in self:
                try:
                    value = item.meta[key]
                except KeyError:
                    value = None
                if convert is not ...:
                    item = convert(item)
                if deconflict:
                    bag = output.setdefault(value, deconflict())
                    if isinstance(bag, list):
                        bag.append(item)
                    else:
                        bag.add(item)
                else:
                    output[value] = item
            return output
        elif isinstance(stream, (bytearray, memoryview)):
            with MemoryFile(stream) as stdout:
                return (self | stdout).getvalue()
        elif callable(stream):
            with MemoryFile(bytearray()) as stdout:
                self | stdout
                out: bytearray = stdout.getbuffer()
                if isinstance(stream, type) and isinstance(out, stream):
                    return out
                if isinstance(stream, type) and issubclass(stream, str):
                    out = out.decode(self.codec)
                return stream(out)

        stream: ByteIO

        if not stream.writable():
            raise ValueError('target stream is not writable')

        self._target = stream

        def cname(x: str):
            return x.lower().replace('-', '')

        recode = self.isatty and cname(self.codec) != cname(sys.stdout.encoding)
        chunk = None

        for last, chunk in lookahead(self):
            if (
                not last
                and self._framehandler.framebreak
                and not chunk.endswith(B'\n')
            ):
                chunk.extend(B'\n')
            if recode:
                try:
                    chunk = chunk.decode(chunk, self.codec, errors='backslashreplace').encode(sys.stdout.encoding)
                except Exception:
                    pass
            try:
                stream.write(chunk)
                stream.flush()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            except (BrokenPipeError, OSError) as E:
                if isinstance(E, BrokenPipeError) or E.errno != 32:
                    # This happens when the next unit does not consume everything
                    # we send. For example, this can happen when a large file is
                    # read in chunks and the pick unit is used to select only the
                    # first few of these.
                    self.log_debug(F'cannot send to next unit: {E}')
                break

        try:
            if self.isatty and chunk and not chunk.endswith(B'\n'):
                stream.write(B'\n')
                stream.flush()
        except (NameError, AttributeError):
            pass

        return stream

    def read(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
        """
        Reads bytes from the output stream of this unit.
        """
        if not bytecount or bytecount < 0:
            return self.read1()
        bfr = bytearray(bytecount)
        offset = 0
        while offset < bytecount:
            tmp = self.read1(bytecount - offset)
            if not tmp:
                del bfr[offset:]
                break
            end = offset + len(tmp)
            bfr[offset:end] = tmp
            offset = end
        return bytes(bfr)

    def read1(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
        """
        Performs a single read against the output stream of this unit and returns
        the result.
        """
        try:
            out = self._buffer or next(self)
            if bytecount and bytecount > 0:
                out, self._buffer = out[:bytecount], out[bytecount:]
            elif self._buffer:
                self._buffer = B''
            return out
        except StopIteration:
            return B''

    def act(self, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString]) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Generator[ByteString, None, None]]:
        mode = self.args.reverse
        data = self.args @ data
        if not mode:
            return self.process(data)
        elif mode % 2:
            return self.reverse(data)
        else:
            return self.reverse(self.process(data))

    def __call__(self, data: Optional[Union[ByteString, Chunk]] = None) -> bytes:
        with MemoryFile(data) if data else open(os.devnull, 'rb') as stdin:
            stdin: ByteIO
            with MemoryFile() as stdout:
                return (stdin | self | stdout).getvalue()

    @classmethod
    def labelled(cls, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString], **meta) -> Chunk:
        """
        This class method can be used to label a chunk of binary output with metadata. This
        metadata will be visible inside pipeline frames, see `refinery.lib.frame`.
        """
        if isinstance(data, Chunk):
            data.meta.update(meta)
            return data
        return Chunk(data, meta=meta)

    def process(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Generator[ByteString, None, None]]:
        return data

    @classmethod
    def log_fail(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.ERROR`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.ERROR)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.error(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_warn(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.WARN`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.WARNING)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.warning(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_info(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.INFO`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.INFO)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.info(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_debug(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the pmessage if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.DEBUG`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.DEBUG)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.debug(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @property
    def isatty(self) -> bool:
        try:
            return self._target.isatty()
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    @classmethod
    def _output(cls, *messages, clip=False) -> str:
        def transform(message):
            if callable(message):
                message = message()
            if isinstance(message, Exception):
                args = [arg for arg in message.args if isinstance(arg, str)]
                if len(args) == 1:
                    message = args[0]
                else:
                    message = str(message)
            if isinstance(message, str):
                return message
            if isbuffer(message):
                import codecs
                message: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]
                pmsg: str = codecs.decode(message, cls.codec, 'surrogateescape')
                if not pmsg.isprintable():
                    pmsg = message.hex().upper()
                return pmsg
            else:
                import pprint
                return pprint.pformat(message)
        message = ' '.join(transform(msg) for msg in messages)
        if clip:
            from refinery.lib.tools import get_terminal_size
            length = get_terminal_size(75) - len(cls.name) - 27
            message = message[:length] + "..."
        return message

    @classmethod
    def _interface(cls, argp: ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks) -> ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks:
        """
        Receives a reference to an argument parser. This parser will be used to parse
        the command line for this unit into the member variable called `args`.
        """
        base = argp.add_argument_group('generic options')

        base.set_defaults(reverse=False, squeeze=False)
        base.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit.')
        base.add_argument('-L', '--lenient', action='count', default=0, help='Allow partial results as output.')
        base.add_argument('-Q', '--quiet', action='store_true', help='Disables all log output.')
        base.add_argument('-0', '--devnull', action='store_true', help='Do not produce any output.')
        base.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count', default=0,
            help='Specify up to two times to increase log level.')

        if cls.is_reversible:
            base.add_argument('-R', '--reverse', action='count', default=0,
                help='Use the reverse operation; Specify twice to normalize (first decode, then encode).')

        groups = {None: argp}

        for argument in reversed(cls._argument_specification.values()):
            gp = argument.group
            if gp not in groups:
                groups[gp] = argp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
            try:
                groups[gp].add_argument @ argument
            except Exception:
                raise RefineryCriticalException(F'Failed to queue argument: {argument!s}')

        return argp

    @classmethod
    def argparser(cls, **keywords):
        argp = ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks(
            keywords, prog=cls.name, description=documentation(cls), add_help=False)
        argp.set_defaults(nesting=0)
        return cls._interface(argp)

    @staticmethod
    def superinit(spc, **keywords):
        """
        This function uses `refinery.lib.tools.autoinvoke` to call the `__init__` function of `super` with
        by taking all required parameters from `keywords`, ignoring the rest. Calling
        ```
        self.superinit(super(), **vars())
        ```
        will therefore perform initialization of the parent class without having to forward all parameters
        manually. This is a convenience feature which reduces code bloat when many parameters have to be
        forwarded, see e.g. `refinery.units.pattern.carve.carve` for an example.
        """
        my_own_args = iter(inspect.signature(spc.__thisclass__.__init__).parameters.values())
        parent_args = inspect.signature(spc.__init__).parameters
        keywords.pop(next(my_own_args).name, None)
        for a in my_own_args:
            if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
                keywords.update(keywords.pop(a.name, {}))
        junk = [a for a in keywords]
        for a in parent_args.values():
            if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
                junk = [j for j in junk if j.startswith('_')]
                break
            try: junk.remove(a.name)
            except ValueError: pass
        for j in junk:
            del keywords[j]
        try:
            if spc.__init__.__func__ is Unit.__init__:
                return spc.__init__(**keywords)
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        return autoinvoke(spc.__init__, keywords)

    @classmethod
    def assemble(cls, *args, **keywords):
        """
        Creates a unit from the given arguments and keywords. The given keywords are used to overwrite any
        previously specified defaults for the argument parser of the unit, then this modified parser is
        used to parse the given list of arguments as though they were given on the command line. The parser
        results are used to construct an instance of the unit, this object is consequently returned.
        """
        argp = cls.argparser(**keywords)
        args = argp.parse_args_with_nesting(args)

        try:
            unit = autoinvoke(cls, args.__dict__)
        except ValueError as E:
            argp.error(str(E))
        else:
            unit.args._store(_argo=argp.order)
            unit.args.quiet = args.quiet
            unit.args.lenient = args.lenient
            unit.args.squeeze = args.squeeze
            unit.args.nesting = args.nesting
            unit.args.reverse = args.reverse
            unit.args.devnull = args.devnull
            unit.args.verbose = args.verbose

            if args.quiet:
                unit.log_level = LogLevel.NONE
            else:
                unit.log_level = args.verbose

            return unit

    def __copy__(self):
        cls = self.__class__
        clone: Unit = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
    #   TODO: Preferably, units should keep all their information in args, making
    #         the above __dict__ update unnecessary.
    #   clone._buffer = self._buffer
    #   clone._source = self._source
        clone._target = None
        clone._framed = None
        clone._chunks = None
        clone.args = copy.copy(self.args)
        return clone

    def __init__(self, **keywords):
        self._buffer = B''
        self._source = None
        self._target = None
        self._framed = None
        self._chunks = None

        keywords.update(dict(
            nesting=0,
            reverse=False,
            squeeze=False,
            devnull=False,
            quiet=False,
        ))
        # Since Python 3.6, functions always preserve the order of the keyword
        # arguments passed to them (see PEP 468).
        self.args = DelayedArgumentProxy(Namespace(**keywords), list(keywords))
        self.log_detach()

    _SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG = '--debug-timing'
    _SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG = '--debug-traces'
    _SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG = '--yappi-timing'

    @classmethod
    def run(cls: Union[Type[Unit], Executable], argv=None, stream=None) -> None:
        """
        Implements command line execution. As `refinery.units.Unit` is an `refinery.units.Executable`,
        this method will be executed when a class inheriting from `refinery.units.Unit` is defined in
        the current `__main__` module.
        """
        if not environment.disable_ps1_bandaid.value:
            from refinery.lib import powershell
            ps1 = powershell.bandaid(cls.codec)
        else:
            ps1 = None

        try:
            sys.set_int_max_str_digits(0)
        except AttributeError:
            pass

        argv = argv if argv is not None else sys.argv[1:]
        clock = None
        yappi = None
        trace = False

        if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG in argv:
            trace = True
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG)

        if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
            from time import process_time
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG)
            clock = process_time()
            cls.logger.setLevel(LogLevel.INFO)
            cls.logger.info('starting clock: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

        if cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG)
            try:
                import yappi as _yappi
            except ImportError:
                cls.logger.warn('unable to start yappi; package is missing')
            else:
                yappi = _yappi

        if stream is None:
            stream = open(os.devnull, 'rb') if sys.stdin.isatty() else sys.stdin.buffer

        with stream as source:
            try:
                unit = cls.assemble(*argv)
            except ArgparseError as ap:
                ap.parser.error_commandline(str(ap))
                return
            except Exception as msg:
                if not trace:
                    cls.logger.critical(cls._output('initialization failed:', msg))
                else:
                    from traceback import format_exc
                    for line in format_exc().splitlines(keepends=False):
                        cls.logger.critical(cls._output(line))
                return

            if ps1:
                unit.log_debug(F'applying PowerShell band-aid for: {unit.name}')

            loglevel = environment.verbosity.value
            if loglevel:
                unit.log_level = loglevel

            if clock:
                unit.log_level = min(unit.log_level, LogLevel.INFO)
                unit.logger.info('unit launching: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

            if yappi is not None:
                yappi.set_clock_type('cpu')
                yappi.start()

            try:
                with open(os.devnull, 'wb') if unit.args.devnull else sys.stdout.buffer as output:
                    source | unit | output
            except ParserVariableMissing as E:
                unit.logger.error(F'the variable "{E!s}" was missing while trying to parse an expression')
            except ArgumentTypeError as E:
                unit.logger.error(F'delayed argument initialization failed: {E!s}')
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                unit.logger.warning('aborting due to keyboard interrupt')
            except OSError:
                pass

            if yappi is not None:
                stats = yappi.get_func_stats()
                filename = F'{unit.name}.perf'
                stats.save(filename, type='CALLGRIND')
                cls.logger.info(F'wrote yappi results to file: {filename}')

            if clock:
                stop_clock = process_time()
                unit.logger.info('stopping clock: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock))
                unit.logger.info('time delta was: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock - clock))


__pdoc__ = {
    'Unit.is_reversible': Executable.is_reversible.__doc__,
    'Unit.codec': Executable.codec.__doc__
}

Sub-modules

refinery.units.blockwise

Contains all units that can work on blocks a fixed length. Note that block cipher algorithms can be found in refinery.units.crypto.cipher.

refinery.units.compression

A collection of compression algorithms. The unit decompress implements a brute force heuristic decompressor that attempts all known …

refinery.units.crypto

Cryptographic routines, cipher and key derivation units.

refinery.units.encoding

Encoding and decoding of various formats.

refinery.units.formats

A package containing several sub-packages for various data formats.

refinery.units.malware
refinery.units.meta

A package for units that operate primarily on frames of several of inputs.

refinery.units.misc

Units whose purpose is narrow or very special and does not fit well into any other category.

refinery.units.obfuscation
refinery.units.pattern

Pattern matching based extraction and substitution units.

refinery.units.sinks
refinery.units.strings

Simple operations on strings, such as concatenation, replacement, slicing, trimming, etcetera.

Functions

def UnitProcessorBoilerplate(operation)
Expand source code Browse git
def UnitProcessorBoilerplate(operation: ProcType[ByteString]) -> ProcType[Chunk]:
    @wraps(operation)
    def wrapped(self: Unit, data: ByteString) -> Optional[Union[Chunk, Iterable[Chunk]]]:
        ChunkType = Chunk
        if data is None:
            data = B''
        typespec = get_type_hints(operation)
        typespec.pop('return', None)
        if typespec and len(typespec) == 1:
            SpecType = next(iter(typespec.values()))
            if isinstance(SpecType, str):
                try: SpecType = eval(SpecType)
                except Exception: pass
            if isinstance(SpecType, type):
                ChunkType = SpecType
        if not isinstance(data, ChunkType):
            data = ChunkType(data)
        result = operation(self, data)
        if isinstance(result, Chunk):
            return result
        elif not inspect.isgenerator(result):
            return Chunk(result)
        return (Chunk.Wrap(r) for r in result)
    return wrapped
def UnitFilterBoilerplate(operation)
Expand source code Browse git
def UnitFilterBoilerplate(
    operation : Callable[[Any, Iterable[Chunk]], Iterable[Chunk]]
) -> Callable[[Any, Iterable[Chunk]], Iterable[Chunk]]:
    @wraps(operation)
    def peekfilter(self, chunks: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        def _apply_args_to_head():
            it = iter(chunks)
            for chunk in it:
                if chunk.visible:
                    yield self.args @ chunk
                    break
                else:
                    yield chunk
            yield from it
        yield from operation(self, _apply_args_to_head())
    return peekfilter

Classes

class RefineryPartialResult (message, partial, rest=None)

This exception indicates that a partial result is available.

Expand source code Browse git
class RefineryPartialResult(ValueError):
    """
    This exception indicates that a partial result is available.
    """
    def __init__(self, message: str, partial: ByteString, rest: Optional[ByteString] = None):
        super().__init__(message)
        self.message = message
        self.partial = partial
        self.rest = rest

    def __str__(self):
        return self.message

Ancestors

  • builtins.ValueError
  • builtins.Exception
  • builtins.BaseException

Subclasses

  • refinery.units.obfuscation.AutoDeobfuscationTimeout
class RefineryImportMissing (missing, *dependencies)

Module not found.

Expand source code Browse git
class RefineryImportMissing(ModuleNotFoundError):
    def __init__(self, missing: str, *dependencies: str):
        super().__init__()
        import shlex
        self.missing = missing
        self.install = ' '.join(shlex.quote(dist) for dist in dependencies)
        self.dependencies = dependencies

Ancestors

  • builtins.ModuleNotFoundError
  • builtins.ImportError
  • builtins.Exception
  • builtins.BaseException
class RefineryCriticalException (*args, **kwargs)

If this exception is thrown, processing of the entire input stream is aborted instead of just aborting the processing of the current chunk.

Expand source code Browse git
class RefineryCriticalException(RuntimeError):
    """
    If this exception is thrown, processing of the entire input stream
    is aborted instead of just aborting the processing of the current
    chunk.
    """
    pass

Ancestors

  • builtins.RuntimeError
  • builtins.Exception
  • builtins.BaseException
class RefineryException (*args, **kwargs)

This is an exception that was not generated by an external library.

Expand source code Browse git
class RefineryException(RuntimeError):
    """
    This is an exception that was not generated by an external library.
    """
    pass

Ancestors

  • builtins.RuntimeError
  • builtins.Exception
  • builtins.BaseException
class Entry

An empty class marker. Any entry point unit (i.e. any unit that can be executed via the command line) is an instance of this class.

Expand source code Browse git
class Entry:
    """
    An empty class marker. Any entry point unit (i.e. any unit that can be executed
    via the command line) is an instance of this class.
    """
    pass

Subclasses

class Argument (*args, **kwargs)

This class implements an abstract argument to a Python function, including positional and keyword arguments. Passing an Argument to a Python function can be done via the matrix multiplication operator: The syntax function @ Argument(a, b, kwd=c) is equivalent to the call function(a, b, kwd=c).

Expand source code Browse git
class Argument:
    """
    This class implements an abstract argument to a Python function, including positional
    and keyword arguments. Passing an `Argument` to a Python function can be done via the
    matrix multiplication operator: The syntax `function @ Argument(a, b, kwd=c)` is
    equivalent to the call `function(a, b, kwd=c)`.
    """
    __slots__ = 'args', 'kwargs'

    args: List[Any]
    kwargs: Dict[str, Any]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.args = list(args)
        self.kwargs = kwargs

    def __rmatmul__(self, method):
        return method(*self.args, **self.kwargs)

    def __repr__(self):
        def rep(v):
            r = repr(v)
            if r.startswith('<'):
                try:
                    return v.__name__
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
                try:
                    return v.__class__.__name__
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
            return r
        arglist = [repr(a) for a in self.args]
        arglist.extend(F'{key!s}={rep(value)}' for key, value in self.kwargs.items())
        return ', '.join(arglist)

Subclasses

Instance variables

var args

Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

var kwargs

Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

class Arg (*args, action=refinery.units.Arg.omit, choices=refinery.units.Arg.omit, const=refinery.units.Arg.omit, default=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, required=refinery.units.Arg.omit, type=refinery.units.Arg.omit, group=None, guessed=None)

This class is specifically an argument for the add_argument method of an ArgumentParser from the argparse module. It can also be used as a decorator or annotation for the constructor of a refinery unit to better control the argument parser of that unit's command line interface. Example:

class prefixer(Unit):
    def __init__(
        self,
        prefix: Arg.Binary(help='This data will be prepended to the input.')
    ): ...
    def process(self, data):
        return self.args.prefix + data

Note that when the init of a unit has a return annotation that is a base class of itself, then all its parameters will automatically be forwarded to that base class.

Expand source code Browse git
class Arg(Argument):
    """
    This class is specifically an argument for the `add_argument` method of an `ArgumentParser` from
    the `argparse` module. It can also be used as a decorator or annotation for the constructor of a
    refinery unit to better control the argument parser of that unit's command line interface.
    Example:
    ```
    class prefixer(Unit):
        def __init__(
            self,
            prefix: Arg.Binary(help='This data will be prepended to the input.')
        ): ...
        def process(self, data):
            return self.args.prefix + data
    ```
    Note that when the init of a unit has a return annotation that is a base class of itself, then
    all its parameters will automatically be forwarded to that base class.
    """

    class delete: pass
    class omit: pass

    args: List[str]

    def __init__(
        self, *args: str,
            action   : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            choices  : Union[omit, Iterable[Any]] = omit, # noqa
            const    : Union[omit, Any]           = omit, # noqa
            default  : Union[omit, Any]           = omit, # noqa
            dest     : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            help     : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            metavar  : Union[omit, str]           = omit, # noqa
            nargs    : Union[omit, int, str]      = omit, # noqa
            required : Union[omit, bool]          = omit, # noqa
            type     : Union[omit, type]          = omit, # noqa
            group    : Optional[str]              = None, # noqa
            guessed  : Optional[Set[str]]         = None, # noqa
    ) -> None:
        kwargs = dict(action=action, choices=choices, const=const, default=default, dest=dest,
            help=help, metavar=metavar, nargs=nargs, required=required, type=type)
        kwargs = {key: value for key, value in kwargs.items() if value is not Arg.omit}
        self.group = group
        self.guessed = set(guessed or ())
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def update_help(self):
        if 'help' not in self.kwargs:
            return

        class formatting(dict):
            arg = self

            def __missing__(self, key):
                if key == 'choices':
                    return ', '.join(self.arg.kwargs['choices'])
                if key == 'default':
                    default: Union[bytes, int, str, slice] = self.arg.kwargs['default']
                    if isinstance(default, (list, tuple, set)):
                        if not default:
                            return 'empty'
                        elif len(default) == 1:
                            default = default[0]
                    if isinstance(default, slice):
                        parts = [default.start or '', default.stop or '', default.step]
                        default = ':'.join(str(x) for x in parts if x is not None)
                    if isinstance(default, int):
                        return default
                    if not isbuffer(default):
                        return default
                    if default.isalnum():
                        return default.decode('latin-1')
                    return F'H:{default.hex()}'
                if key == 'varname':
                    return self.arg.kwargs.get('metavar', self.arg.destination)

        try:
            help_string: str = self.kwargs['help']
            self.kwargs.update(
                help=help_string.format_map(formatting()))
        except Exception:
            pass

    def __rmatmul__(self, method):
        self.update_help()
        return super().__rmatmul__(method)

    @staticmethod
    def AsOption(value: Optional[Any], cls: Enum) -> Enum:
        if value is None or isinstance(value, cls):
            return value
        if isinstance(value, str):
            try: return cls[value]
            except KeyError: pass
            needle = normalize_to_identifier(value).casefold()
            for item in cls.__members__:
                if item.casefold() == needle:
                    return cls[item]
        try:
            return cls(value)
        except Exception as E:
            choices = ', '.join(normalize_to_display(m) for m in cls.__members__)
            raise ValueError(F'Could not transform {value} into {cls.__name__}; the choices are: {choices}') from E

    @classmethod
    def Delete(cls):
        return cls(nargs=cls.delete)

    @classmethod
    def Counts(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        A convenience method to add argparse arguments that introduce a counter.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='count')

    @classmethod
    def Switch(
        cls,
        *args   : str, off=False,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        A convenience method to add argparse arguments that change a boolean value from True to False or
        vice versa. By default, a switch will have a False default and change it to True when specified.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='store_false' if off else 'store_true')

    @classmethod
    def Binary(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain binary data.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'B'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=multibin, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def String(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain string data.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'STR'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=str, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def RegExp(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a regular expression.
        """
        if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
            metavar = 'REGEX'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=regexp, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def NumSeq(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a numeric sequence.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=numseq, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def Bounds(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        help    : Optional[Union[omit, str]] = None,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        default : Union[omit, Any] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = 'start:end:step',
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a slice.
        """
        if help is None:
            help = 'Specify start:end:step in Python slice syntax.'
            if default is not cls.omit:
                help = F'{help} The default is {{default}}.'
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, default=default, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=sliceobj, metavar=metavar)

    @classmethod
    def Number(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        bound   : Union[omit, Tuple[int, int]] = omit,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments that contain a number.
        """
        nt = number
        if bound is not cls.omit:
            lower, upper = bound
            nt = nt[lower:upper]
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, type=nt, metavar=metavar or 'N')

    @classmethod
    def Option(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        choices : Enum,
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Optional[str] = None,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on an enumeration.
        """
        cnames = [normalize_to_display(c).casefold() for c in choices.__members__]
        metavar = metavar or choices.__name__
        return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, metavar=metavar, dest=dest, choices=cnames, type=str.casefold)

    @classmethod
    def Choice(
        cls,
        *args   : str,
        choices : List[str],
        help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        metavar : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
        type    : Type = str,
        nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
        group   : Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """
        Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on a list of strings.
        """
        return cls(*args, group=group, type=type, metavar=metavar, nargs=nargs,
            dest=dest, help=help, choices=choices)

    @property
    def positional(self) -> bool:
        return any(a[0] != '-' for a in self.args)

    @property
    def destination(self) -> str:
        """
        The name of the variable where the contents of this parsed argument will be stored.
        """
        for a in self.args:
            if a[0] != '-':
                return a
        try:
            return self.kwargs['dest']
        except KeyError:
            for a in self.args:
                if a.startswith('--'):
                    dest = normalize_to_identifier(a)
                    if dest.isidentifier():
                        return dest
            raise AttributeError(F'The argument with these values has no destination: {self!r}')

    @classmethod
    def Infer(cls, pt: inspect.Parameter, module: Optional[str] = None):
        """
        This class method can be used to infer the argparse argument for a Python function
        parameter. This guess is based on the annotation, name, and default value.
        """

        def needs_type(item: Dict[str, str]):
            try:
                return item['action'] == 'store'
            except KeyError:
                return True

        def get_argp_type(annotation_type):
            if issubclass(annotation_type, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
                return multibin
            if issubclass(annotation_type, int):
                return number
            if issubclass(annotation_type, slice):
                return sliceobj
            return annotation_type

        name = normalize_to_display(pt.name, False)
        default = pt.default
        guessed_pos_args = []
        guessed_kwd_args = dict(dest=pt.name)
        guessed = set()
        annotation = pt.annotation

        def guess(key, value):
            try:
                return guessed_kwd_args[key]
            except KeyError:
                guessed_kwd_args[key] = value
                guessed.add(key)
                return value

        if isinstance(annotation, str):
            symbols = None
            while symbols is not False:
                try:
                    annotation = eval(annotation, symbols)
                except NameError:
                    if symbols is not None or module is None:
                        break
                    try:
                        import importlib
                        symbols = importlib.import_module(module).__dict__
                    except Exception:
                        symbols = False
                except Exception:
                    pass
                else:
                    break

        if annotation is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(annotation, Arg):
                if annotation.kwargs.get('dest', pt.name) != pt.name:
                    raise ValueError(
                        F'Incompatible argument destination specified; parameter {pt.name} '
                        F'was annotated with {annotation!r}.')
                guessed_pos_args = annotation.args
                guessed_kwd_args.update(annotation.kwargs)
                guessed_kwd_args.update(group=annotation.group)
            elif isinstance(annotation, type):
                guessed.add('type')
                if not issubclass(annotation, bool) and needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
                    guessed_kwd_args.update(type=get_argp_type(annotation))
                elif not isinstance(default, bool):
                    raise ValueError('Default value for boolean arguments must be provided.')

        if not guessed_pos_args:
            guessed_pos_args = guessed_pos_args or [F'--{name}' if pt.kind is pt.KEYWORD_ONLY else name]

        if pt.kind is pt.VAR_POSITIONAL:
            oldnargs = guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
            if oldnargs not in (ONE_OR_MORE, ZERO_OR_MORE, REMAINDER):
                raise ValueError(F'Variadic positional arguments has nargs set to {oldnargs!r}')
            return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args)

        if default is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(default, Enum):
                default = default.name
            if isinstance(default, (list, tuple)):
                guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
                if not pt.default:
                    default = pt.empty
                else:
                    guessed_kwd_args['default'] = pt.default
                    default = default[0]
            else:
                guessed_kwd_args['default'] = default
                if pt.kind is pt.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
                    guess('nargs', OPTIONAL)

        if default is not pt.empty:
            if isinstance(default, bool):
                action = 'store_false' if default else 'store_true'
                guessed_kwd_args['action'] = action
            elif needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
                guess('type', get_argp_type(type(default)))

        return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args, guessed=guessed)

    def merge_args(self, them: Argument) -> None:
        def iterboth():
            yield from them.args
            yield from self.args
        if not self.args:
            self.args = list(them.args)
            return
        sflag = None
        lflag = None
        for a in iterboth():
            if a[:2] == '--': lflag = lflag or a
            elif a[0] == '-': sflag = sflag or a
        self.args = []
        if sflag: self.args.append(sflag)
        if lflag: self.args.append(lflag)
        if not self.args:
            self.args = list(them.args)

    def merge_all(self, them: Arg) -> None:
        for key, value in them.kwargs.items():
            if value is Arg.delete:
                self.kwargs.pop(key, None)
                self.guessed.discard(key)
                continue
            if key in them.guessed:
                if key not in self.guessed:
                    if key == 'type' and self.kwargs.get('action', None) != 'store':
                        continue
                    if key in self.kwargs:
                        continue
                self.guessed.add(key)
            self.kwargs[key] = value
        self.merge_args(them)
        self.group = them.group or self.group

    def __copy__(self) -> Argument:
        cls = self.__class__
        clone = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone.kwargs = dict(self.kwargs)
        clone.args = list(self.args)
        clone.group = self.group
        clone.guessed = set(self.guessed)
        return clone

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return F'{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()})'

    def __call__(self, init: Callable) -> Callable:
        parameters = inspect.signature(init).parameters
        try:
            inferred = Arg.Infer(parameters[self.destination])
            inferred.merge_all(self)
            init.__annotations__[self.destination] = inferred
        except KeyError:
            raise ValueError(F'Unable to decorate because no parameter with name {self.destination} exists.')
        return init

Ancestors

Class variables

var delete
var omit

Static methods

def AsOption(value, cls)
Expand source code Browse git
@staticmethod
def AsOption(value: Optional[Any], cls: Enum) -> Enum:
    if value is None or isinstance(value, cls):
        return value
    if isinstance(value, str):
        try: return cls[value]
        except KeyError: pass
        needle = normalize_to_identifier(value).casefold()
        for item in cls.__members__:
            if item.casefold() == needle:
                return cls[item]
    try:
        return cls(value)
    except Exception as E:
        choices = ', '.join(normalize_to_display(m) for m in cls.__members__)
        raise ValueError(F'Could not transform {value} into {cls.__name__}; the choices are: {choices}') from E
def Delete()
Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Delete(cls):
    return cls(nargs=cls.delete)
def Counts(*args, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, group=None)

A convenience method to add argparse arguments that introduce a counter.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Counts(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    A convenience method to add argparse arguments that introduce a counter.
    """
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='count')
def Switch(*args, off=False, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, group=None)

A convenience method to add argparse arguments that change a boolean value from True to False or vice versa. By default, a switch will have a False default and change it to True when specified.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Switch(
    cls,
    *args   : str, off=False,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    A convenience method to add argparse arguments that change a boolean value from True to False or
    vice versa. By default, a switch will have a False default and change it to True when specified.
    """
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, action='store_false' if off else 'store_true')
def Binary(*args, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain binary data.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Binary(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain binary data.
    """
    if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
        metavar = 'B'
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=multibin, metavar=metavar)
def String(*args, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain string data.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def String(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain string data.
    """
    if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
        metavar = 'STR'
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=str, metavar=metavar)
def RegExp(*args, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain a regular expression.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def RegExp(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain a regular expression.
    """
    if metavar is None and any('-' in a for a in args):
        metavar = 'REGEX'
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, nargs=nargs, type=regexp, metavar=metavar)
def NumSeq(*args, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain a numeric sequence.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def NumSeq(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain a numeric sequence.
    """
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=numseq, metavar=metavar)
def Bounds(*args, help=None, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, default=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar='start:end:step', group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain a slice.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Bounds(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    help    : Optional[Union[omit, str]] = None,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    default : Union[omit, Any] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = 'start:end:step',
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain a slice.
    """
    if help is None:
        help = 'Specify start:end:step in Python slice syntax.'
        if default is not cls.omit:
            help = F'{help} The default is {{default}}.'
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, default=default, nargs=nargs, dest=dest, type=sliceobj, metavar=metavar)
def Number(*args, bound=refinery.units.Arg.omit, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments that contain a number.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Number(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    bound   : Union[omit, Tuple[int, int]] = omit,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments that contain a number.
    """
    nt = number
    if bound is not cls.omit:
        lower, upper = bound
        nt = nt[lower:upper]
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, dest=dest, type=nt, metavar=metavar or 'N')
def Option(*args, choices, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=None, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on an enumeration.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Option(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    choices : Enum,
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    metavar : Optional[str] = None,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on an enumeration.
    """
    cnames = [normalize_to_display(c).casefold() for c in choices.__members__]
    metavar = metavar or choices.__name__
    return cls(*args, group=group, help=help, metavar=metavar, dest=dest, choices=cnames, type=str.casefold)
def Choice(*args, choices, help=refinery.units.Arg.omit, metavar=refinery.units.Arg.omit, dest=refinery.units.Arg.omit, type=builtins.str, nargs=refinery.units.Arg.omit, group=None)

Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on a list of strings.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Choice(
    cls,
    *args   : str,
    choices : List[str],
    help    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    metavar : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    dest    : Union[omit, str] = omit,
    type    : Type = str,
    nargs   : Union[omit, int, str] = omit,
    group   : Optional[str] = None,
):
    """
    Used to add argparse arguments with a fixed set of options, based on a list of strings.
    """
    return cls(*args, group=group, type=type, metavar=metavar, nargs=nargs,
        dest=dest, help=help, choices=choices)
def Infer(pt, module=None)

This class method can be used to infer the argparse argument for a Python function parameter. This guess is based on the annotation, name, and default value.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def Infer(cls, pt: inspect.Parameter, module: Optional[str] = None):
    """
    This class method can be used to infer the argparse argument for a Python function
    parameter. This guess is based on the annotation, name, and default value.
    """

    def needs_type(item: Dict[str, str]):
        try:
            return item['action'] == 'store'
        except KeyError:
            return True

    def get_argp_type(annotation_type):
        if issubclass(annotation_type, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
            return multibin
        if issubclass(annotation_type, int):
            return number
        if issubclass(annotation_type, slice):
            return sliceobj
        return annotation_type

    name = normalize_to_display(pt.name, False)
    default = pt.default
    guessed_pos_args = []
    guessed_kwd_args = dict(dest=pt.name)
    guessed = set()
    annotation = pt.annotation

    def guess(key, value):
        try:
            return guessed_kwd_args[key]
        except KeyError:
            guessed_kwd_args[key] = value
            guessed.add(key)
            return value

    if isinstance(annotation, str):
        symbols = None
        while symbols is not False:
            try:
                annotation = eval(annotation, symbols)
            except NameError:
                if symbols is not None or module is None:
                    break
                try:
                    import importlib
                    symbols = importlib.import_module(module).__dict__
                except Exception:
                    symbols = False
            except Exception:
                pass
            else:
                break

    if annotation is not pt.empty:
        if isinstance(annotation, Arg):
            if annotation.kwargs.get('dest', pt.name) != pt.name:
                raise ValueError(
                    F'Incompatible argument destination specified; parameter {pt.name} '
                    F'was annotated with {annotation!r}.')
            guessed_pos_args = annotation.args
            guessed_kwd_args.update(annotation.kwargs)
            guessed_kwd_args.update(group=annotation.group)
        elif isinstance(annotation, type):
            guessed.add('type')
            if not issubclass(annotation, bool) and needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
                guessed_kwd_args.update(type=get_argp_type(annotation))
            elif not isinstance(default, bool):
                raise ValueError('Default value for boolean arguments must be provided.')

    if not guessed_pos_args:
        guessed_pos_args = guessed_pos_args or [F'--{name}' if pt.kind is pt.KEYWORD_ONLY else name]

    if pt.kind is pt.VAR_POSITIONAL:
        oldnargs = guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
        if oldnargs not in (ONE_OR_MORE, ZERO_OR_MORE, REMAINDER):
            raise ValueError(F'Variadic positional arguments has nargs set to {oldnargs!r}')
        return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args)

    if default is not pt.empty:
        if isinstance(default, Enum):
            default = default.name
        if isinstance(default, (list, tuple)):
            guess('nargs', ZERO_OR_MORE)
            if not pt.default:
                default = pt.empty
            else:
                guessed_kwd_args['default'] = pt.default
                default = default[0]
        else:
            guessed_kwd_args['default'] = default
            if pt.kind is pt.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
                guess('nargs', OPTIONAL)

    if default is not pt.empty:
        if isinstance(default, bool):
            action = 'store_false' if default else 'store_true'
            guessed_kwd_args['action'] = action
        elif needs_type(guessed_kwd_args):
            guess('type', get_argp_type(type(default)))

    return cls(*guessed_pos_args, **guessed_kwd_args, guessed=guessed)

Instance variables

var positional
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def positional(self) -> bool:
    return any(a[0] != '-' for a in self.args)
var destination

The name of the variable where the contents of this parsed argument will be stored.

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def destination(self) -> str:
    """
    The name of the variable where the contents of this parsed argument will be stored.
    """
    for a in self.args:
        if a[0] != '-':
            return a
    try:
        return self.kwargs['dest']
    except KeyError:
        for a in self.args:
            if a.startswith('--'):
                dest = normalize_to_identifier(a)
                if dest.isidentifier():
                    return dest
        raise AttributeError(F'The argument with these values has no destination: {self!r}')

Methods

def update_help(self)
Expand source code Browse git
def update_help(self):
    if 'help' not in self.kwargs:
        return

    class formatting(dict):
        arg = self

        def __missing__(self, key):
            if key == 'choices':
                return ', '.join(self.arg.kwargs['choices'])
            if key == 'default':
                default: Union[bytes, int, str, slice] = self.arg.kwargs['default']
                if isinstance(default, (list, tuple, set)):
                    if not default:
                        return 'empty'
                    elif len(default) == 1:
                        default = default[0]
                if isinstance(default, slice):
                    parts = [default.start or '', default.stop or '', default.step]
                    default = ':'.join(str(x) for x in parts if x is not None)
                if isinstance(default, int):
                    return default
                if not isbuffer(default):
                    return default
                if default.isalnum():
                    return default.decode('latin-1')
                return F'H:{default.hex()}'
            if key == 'varname':
                return self.arg.kwargs.get('metavar', self.arg.destination)

    try:
        help_string: str = self.kwargs['help']
        self.kwargs.update(
            help=help_string.format_map(formatting()))
    except Exception:
        pass
def merge_args(self, them)
Expand source code Browse git
def merge_args(self, them: Argument) -> None:
    def iterboth():
        yield from them.args
        yield from self.args
    if not self.args:
        self.args = list(them.args)
        return
    sflag = None
    lflag = None
    for a in iterboth():
        if a[:2] == '--': lflag = lflag or a
        elif a[0] == '-': sflag = sflag or a
    self.args = []
    if sflag: self.args.append(sflag)
    if lflag: self.args.append(lflag)
    if not self.args:
        self.args = list(them.args)
def merge_all(self, them)
Expand source code Browse git
def merge_all(self, them: Arg) -> None:
    for key, value in them.kwargs.items():
        if value is Arg.delete:
            self.kwargs.pop(key, None)
            self.guessed.discard(key)
            continue
        if key in them.guessed:
            if key not in self.guessed:
                if key == 'type' and self.kwargs.get('action', None) != 'store':
                    continue
                if key in self.kwargs:
                    continue
            self.guessed.add(key)
        self.kwargs[key] = value
    self.merge_args(them)
    self.group = them.group or self.group

Inherited members

class ArgumentSpecification (*args, **kwargs)

A container object that stores refinery.units.arg specifications.

Expand source code Browse git
class ArgumentSpecification(OrderedDict):
    """
    A container object that stores `refinery.units.arg` specifications.
    """

    def merge(self: Dict[str, Arg], argument: Arg):
        """
        Insert or update the specification with the given argument.
        """
        dest = argument.destination
        if dest in self:
            self[dest].merge_all(argument)
            return
        self[dest] = argument

Ancestors

  • collections.OrderedDict
  • builtins.dict

Methods

def merge(self, argument)

Insert or update the specification with the given argument.

Expand source code Browse git
def merge(self: Dict[str, Arg], argument: Arg):
    """
    Insert or update the specification with the given argument.
    """
    dest = argument.destination
    if dest in self:
        self[dest].merge_all(argument)
        return
    self[dest] = argument
class Executable (name, bases, nmspc, abstract=False, extend_docs=False)

This is the metaclass for refinery units. A class which is of this type is required to implement a method run(). If the class is created in the currently executing module, then an instance of the class is automatically created after it is defined and its run() method is invoked.

Expand source code Browse git
class Executable(ABCMeta):
    """
    This is the metaclass for refinery units. A class which is of this type is
    required to implement a method `run()`. If the class is created in the
    currently executing module, then an instance of the class is automatically
    created after it is defined and its `run()` method is invoked.
    """

    Entry = None
    """
    This variable stores the executable entry point. If more than one entry point
    are present, only the first one is executed and an error message is generated
    for the other ones.
    """

    _argument_specification: Dict[str, Arg]

    def _infer_argspec(cls, parameters: Dict[str, inspect.Parameter], args: Optional[Dict[str, Arg]], module: str):

        args: Dict[str, Arg] = ArgumentSpecification() if args is None else args

        exposed = [pt.name for pt in skipfirst(parameters.values()) if pt.kind != pt.VAR_KEYWORD]
        # The arguments are added in reverse order to the argument parser later.
        # This is done to have a more intuitive use of decorator based argument configuration.
        exposed.reverse()

        for name in exposed:
            try:
                argument = Arg.Infer(parameters[name], module)
            except KeyError:
                continue
            args.merge(argument)

        for name in exposed:
            args.move_to_end(name)

        for known in args.values():
            if known.positional:
                known.kwargs.pop('dest', None)
                if 'default' in known.kwargs:
                    known.kwargs.setdefault('nargs', OPTIONAL)
            elif not any(len(a) > 2 for a in known.args):
                flagname = normalize_to_display(known.destination, False)
                known.args.append(F'--{flagname}')
            action: str = known.kwargs.get('action', 'store')
            if action.startswith('store_'):
                known.kwargs.pop('default', None)
                continue
            if action == 'store':
                known.kwargs.setdefault('type', multibin)
        return args

    def __new__(mcs, name: str, bases: Sequence[Executable], nmspc: Dict[str, Any], abstract=False, extend_docs=False):
        def decorate(**decorations):
            for method, decorator in decorations.items():
                try:
                    old = nmspc[method]
                except KeyError:
                    continue
                if getattr(old, '__isabstractmethod__', False):
                    continue
                nmspc[method] = decorator(old)
        decorate(
            filter=UnitFilterBoilerplate,
            process=UnitProcessorBoilerplate,
            reverse=UnitProcessorBoilerplate,
            __init__=no_type_check,
        )
        if not abstract and Entry not in bases:
            bases = bases + (Entry,)
            if not bases[0].is_reversible:
                nmspc.setdefault('reverse', MissingFunction)
        nmspc.setdefault('__doc__', '')
        return super(Executable, mcs).__new__(mcs, name, bases, nmspc)

    def __init__(cls, name: str, bases: Sequence[Executable], nmspc: Dict[str, Any], abstract=False, extend_docs=False):
        super(Executable, cls).__init__(name, bases, nmspc)
        cls._argument_specification = args = ArgumentSpecification()

        cls_init = cls.__init__
        sig_init = inspect.signature(cls_init)
        parameters = sig_init.parameters
        has_keyword = any(p.kind == p.VAR_KEYWORD for p in parameters.values())
        inherited = []

        for base in bases:
            base: Executable
            for key, value in base._argument_specification.items():
                if key in parameters:
                    args[key] = value.__copy__()

        if extend_docs and bases:
            base_doc = bases[~0].__doc__.rstrip().lstrip('\n')
            if base_doc:
                cls.__doc__ = F'{cls.__doc__}\n{base_doc}'

        if not abstract and bases and has_keyword:
            for key, value in bases[0]._argument_specification.items():
                if key not in args:
                    args[key] = value.__copy__()
                    inherited.append(key)

        cls._infer_argspec(parameters, args, cls.__module__)

        if not abstract and has_keyword:
            cls__init__ = cls.__init__

            @wraps(cls__init__)
            def new__init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                cls__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

            params = [p for p in parameters.values() if p.kind != p.VAR_KEYWORD]
            if inherited:
                pp = inspect.signature(bases[0].__init__).parameters
                for name in inherited:
                    params.append(pp[name])
            new__init__.__signature__ = sig_init.replace(parameters=tuple(params))
            cls.__init__ = new__init__

        try:
            initcode = cls.__init__.__code__.co_code
        except AttributeError:
            initcode = None

        if initcode == (lambda: None).__code__.co_code:
            base = bases[0]
            head = []
            defs = {}
            tail = None

            for p in skipfirst(parameters.values()):
                if p.kind in (p.POSITIONAL_ONLY, p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD):
                    head.append(p.name)
                if p.kind in (p.KEYWORD_ONLY, p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD) and p.default is not p.empty:
                    defs[p.name] = p.default
                if p.kind is p.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                    tail = p.name

            @wraps(cls.__init__)
            def cls__init__(self, *args, **kw):
                for name, arg in zip(head, args):
                    kw[name] = arg
                if tail:
                    k = min(len(args), len(head))
                    kw[tail] = args[k:]
                for key in defs:
                    if key not in kw:
                        kw[key] = defs[key]
                base.__init__(self, **kw)

            cls.__init__ = cls__init__

        if not abstract and sys.modules[cls.__module__].__name__ == '__main__':
            if not Executable.Entry:
                Executable.Entry = cls.name
                cls.run()

    def __getitem__(cls, other):
        return cls().__getitem__(other)

    def __or__(cls, other):
        return cls().__or__(other)

    def __pos__(cls):
        return cls()

    def __neg__(cls):
        unit: Unit = cls()
        unit.args.reverse = 1
        return unit

    def __ror__(cls, other) -> Unit:
        return cls().__ror__(other)

    @property
    def is_reversible(cls) -> bool:
        """
        This property is `True` if and only if the unit has a member function named `reverse`. By convention,
        this member function implements the inverse of `refinery.units.Unit.process`.
        """
        if cls.reverse is MissingFunction:
            return False
        try:
            return not cls.reverse.__isabstractmethod__
        except AttributeError:
            return True

    @property
    def codec(cls) -> str:
        """
        The default codec for encoding textual information between units. The value of this property is
        hardcoded to `UTF8`.
        """
        return 'UTF8'

    @property
    def name(cls) -> str:
        return normalize_to_display(cls.__name__)

    @property
    def logger(cls) -> Logger:
        try:
            return cls._logger
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        cls._logger = _logger = logger(cls.name)
        return _logger

Ancestors

  • abc.ABCMeta
  • builtins.type

Subclasses

Class variables

var Entry

This variable stores the executable entry point. If more than one entry point are present, only the first one is executed and an error message is generated for the other ones.

Instance variables

var is_reversible

This property is True if and only if the unit has a member function named reverse. By convention, this member function implements the inverse of Unit.process().

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def is_reversible(cls) -> bool:
    """
    This property is `True` if and only if the unit has a member function named `reverse`. By convention,
    this member function implements the inverse of `refinery.units.Unit.process`.
    """
    if cls.reverse is MissingFunction:
        return False
    try:
        return not cls.reverse.__isabstractmethod__
    except AttributeError:
        return True
var codec

The default codec for encoding textual information between units. The value of this property is hardcoded to UTF8.

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def codec(cls) -> str:
    """
    The default codec for encoding textual information between units. The value of this property is
    hardcoded to `UTF8`.
    """
    return 'UTF8'
var name
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def name(cls) -> str:
    return normalize_to_display(cls.__name__)
var logger
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def logger(cls) -> Logger:
    try:
        return cls._logger
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    cls._logger = _logger = logger(cls.name)
    return _logger
class DelayedArgumentProxy (argv, argo)

This class implements a proxy for the args member variable of Unit. Its primary purpose is to proxy DelayedArgument values which can be computed only as soon as input data becomes available and which also have to be recomputed for each input.

Expand source code Browse git
class DelayedArgumentProxy:
    """
    This class implements a proxy for the `args` member variable of `refinery.units.Unit`.
    Its primary purpose is to proxy `refinery.lib.argformats.DelayedArgument` values which
    can be computed only as soon as input data becomes available and which also have to be
    recomputed for each input.
    """
    _argv: Namespace
    _argo: List[str]
    _args: Dict[str, Any]
    _done: bool
    _guid: int
    _lock: Lock

    def __copy__(self):
        cls = self.__class__
        clone = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone._store(
            _lock=Lock(),
            _argv=self._argv,
            _argo=list(self._argo),
            _args=dict(self._args),
            _done=self._done,
            _guid=self._guid,
        )
        return clone

    def __iter__(self):
        yield from self._args

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._args[key]

    def __init__(self, argv: Namespace, argo: Iterable[str]):
        args = {}
        done = True
        for name, value in vars(argv).items():
            if not pending(value):
                args[name] = value
            else:
                done = False
        self._store(
            _lock=Lock(),
            _argv=argv,
            _argo=list(argo),
            _args=args,
            _done=done,
            _guid=None,
        )

    def __call__(self, data: bytearray):
        """
        Update the current arguments for the input `data`, regardless of whether or not this chunk
        has already been used. In most cases, the matrix-multiplication syntax should be used instead
        of this direct call: If a multibin argument modifies the meta dictionary by being applied, a
        second interpretation of this argument with the same chunk might cause an error. For example,
        if an argument specifies to pop a meta variable from the meta dictionary, this variable will
        not be available for a second interpretation call.
        """
        for name in self._argo:
            if self._lock.locked():
                raise RuntimeError(F'Attempting to resolve {name} while an update for this argument is in flight')
            with self._lock:
                value = getattr(self._argv, name, None)
                if value and pending(value):
                    self._args[name] = manifest(value, data)
            self._store(_guid=id(data))
        return data

    def __matmul__(self, data: bytearray):
        """
        Interpret the current arguments for the given input `data`.
        """
        if self._done:
            return data
        if not isinstance(data, bytearray):
            data = bytearray(data)
        if id(data) == self._guid:
            return data
        return self(data)

    def _store(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        try:
            return super().__getattr__(name)
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        try:
            return self._args[name]
        except KeyError:
            pass
        try:
            value = getattr(self._argv, name)
        except AttributeError as E:
            raise AttributeError(F'Argument {name} not set.') from E
        if not value or not pending(value):
            return value
        raise AttributeError(F'the value {name} cannot be accessed until data is available.')

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if not hasattr(self._argv, name):
            self._argo.append(name)
        if pending(value):
            self._store(_done=False)
        else:
            self._args[name] = value
        return setattr(self._argv, name, value)
class UnitBase

This base class is an abstract interface specifying the abstract methods that have to be present on any unit. All actual units should inherit from its only child class Unit.

Expand source code Browse git
class UnitBase(metaclass=Executable, abstract=True):
    """
    This base class is an abstract interface specifying the abstract methods that have
    to be present on any unit. All actual units should inherit from its only child class
    `refinery.units.Unit`.
    """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def process(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
        """
        This routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit` to define how
        the unit processes a given chunk of binary data.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def reverse(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
        """
        If this routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit`, then it must
        implement an operation that reverses the `refinery.units.Unit.process` operation.
        The absence of an overload for this function is ignored for non-abstract children of
        `refinery.units.UnitBase`.
        """

    @abc.abstractclassmethod
    def handles(self, data: ByteString) -> Optional[bool]:
        """
        This tri-state routine returns `True` if the unit is certain that it can process the
        given input data, and `False` if it is convinced of the opposite. `None` is returned
        when no clear verdict is available.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def filter(self, inputs: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        """
        Receives an iterable of `refinery.lib.frame.Chunk`s and yields only those that
        should be processed. The default implementation returns the iterator without
        change; this member function is designed to be overloaded by child classes of
        `refinery.units.Unit` to allow inspection of an entire frame layer and altering
        it before `refinery.units.Unit.process` is called on the individual chunks.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def finish(self) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        """
        Child classes of `refinery.units.Unit` can overwrite this method to generate a
        stream of chunks to be processed after the last frame has been processed.
        """

Subclasses

Static methods

def handles(data)

This tri-state routine returns True if the unit is certain that it can process the given input data, and False if it is convinced of the opposite. None is returned when no clear verdict is available.

Expand source code Browse git
@abc.abstractclassmethod
def handles(self, data: ByteString) -> Optional[bool]:
    """
    This tri-state routine returns `True` if the unit is certain that it can process the
    given input data, and `False` if it is convinced of the opposite. `None` is returned
    when no clear verdict is available.
    """

Methods

def process(self, data)

This routine is overridden by children of Unit to define how the unit processes a given chunk of binary data.

Expand source code Browse git
@abc.abstractmethod
def process(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
    """
    This routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit` to define how
    the unit processes a given chunk of binary data.
    """
def reverse(self, data)

If this routine is overridden by children of Unit, then it must implement an operation that reverses the Unit.process() operation. The absence of an overload for this function is ignored for non-abstract children of UnitBase.

Expand source code Browse git
@abc.abstractmethod
def reverse(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Iterable[ByteString]]:
    """
    If this routine is overridden by children of `refinery.units.Unit`, then it must
    implement an operation that reverses the `refinery.units.Unit.process` operation.
    The absence of an overload for this function is ignored for non-abstract children of
    `refinery.units.UnitBase`.
    """
def filter(self, inputs)

Receives an iterable of Chunks and yields only those that should be processed. The default implementation returns the iterator without change; this member function is designed to be overloaded by child classes of Unit to allow inspection of an entire frame layer and altering it before Unit.process() is called on the individual chunks.

Expand source code Browse git
@abc.abstractmethod
def filter(self, inputs: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
    """
    Receives an iterable of `refinery.lib.frame.Chunk`s and yields only those that
    should be processed. The default implementation returns the iterator without
    change; this member function is designed to be overloaded by child classes of
    `refinery.units.Unit` to allow inspection of an entire frame layer and altering
    it before `refinery.units.Unit.process` is called on the individual chunks.
    """
def finish(self)

Child classes of Unit can overwrite this method to generate a stream of chunks to be processed after the last frame has been processed.

Expand source code Browse git
@abc.abstractmethod
def finish(self) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
    """
    Child classes of `refinery.units.Unit` can overwrite this method to generate a
    stream of chunks to be processed after the last frame has been processed.
    """
class requirement (*args, **kwargs)

Property attribute.

fget function to be used for getting an attribute value fset function to be used for setting an attribute value fdel function to be used for del'ing an attribute doc docstring

Typical use is to define a managed attribute x:

class C(object): def getx(self): return self._x def setx(self, value): self._x = value def delx(self): del self._x x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")

Decorators make defining new properties or modifying existing ones easy:

class C(object): @property def x(self): "I am the 'x' property." return self._x @x.setter def x(self, value): self._x = value @x.deleter def x(self): del self._x

Expand source code Browse git
class requirement(property):
    pass

Ancestors

  • builtins.property

Subclasses

  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
  • refinery.units.Unit.Requires..Requirement
class Unit (**keywords)

The base class for all refinery units. It implements a small set of globally available options and the handling for multiple inputs and outputs. All units implement the framing syntax for producing multiple outputs and ingesting multiple inputs in a common format. For more details, see refinery.lib.frame.

Expand source code Browse git
class Unit(UnitBase, abstract=True):
    """
    The base class for all refinery units. It implements a small set of globally
    available options and the handling for multiple inputs and outputs. All units
    implement the _framing_ syntax for producing multiple outputs and ingesting
    multiple inputs in a common format. For more details, see `refinery.lib.frame`.
    """
    Arg = Arg

    required_dependencies: Optional[Set[str]] = None
    optional_dependencies: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None

    @staticmethod
    def Requires(distribution: str, *_buckets: str):

        class Requirement(requirement):
            dependency: ClassVar[str] = distribution
            required: ClassVar[bool] = not _buckets

            def __init__(self, importer: Callable):
                super().__init__(importer)
                self.module = None

            def __set_name__(self, unit: Type[Unit], name: str):
                if self.required:
                    bucket = unit.required_dependencies
                    if bucket is None:
                        unit.required_dependencies = bucket = set()
                    buckets = [bucket]
                else:
                    optmap = unit.optional_dependencies
                    if optmap is None:
                        unit.optional_dependencies = optmap = {}
                    buckets = [optmap.setdefault(name, set()) for name in _buckets]
                for bucket in buckets:
                    bucket.add(self.dependency)

            def __get__(self, unit: Optional[Type[Unit]], tp: Optional[Type[Executable]] = None):
                if self.module is not None:
                    return self.module
                try:
                    self.module = module = self.fget()
                except ImportError as E:
                    deps = unit.optional_dependencies or {}
                    args = set()
                    for v in deps.values():
                        args.update(v)
                    raise RefineryImportMissing(self.dependency, *args) from E
                except Exception as E:
                    raise AttributeError(F'module import for distribution "{distribution}" failed: {E!s}')
                else:
                    return module

        return Requirement

    @property
    def is_reversible(self) -> bool:
        return self.__class__.is_reversible

    @property
    def codec(self) -> str:
        return self.__class__.codec

    @property
    def logger(self):
        logger: Logger = self.__class__.logger
        return logger

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.__class__.name

    @property
    def is_quiet(self) -> bool:
        try:
            return self.args.quiet
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    @property
    def log_level(self) -> LogLevel:
        """
        Returns the current log level as an element of `refinery.units.LogLevel`.
        """
        if self.is_quiet:
            return LogLevel.NONE
        return LogLevel(self.logger.getEffectiveLevel())

    @log_level.setter
    def log_level(self, value: Union[int, LogLevel]) -> None:
        if not isinstance(value, LogLevel):
            value = LogLevel.FromVerbosity(value)
        self.logger.setLevel(value)

    def log_detach(self) -> None:
        """
        When a unit is created using the `refinery.units.Unit.assemble` method, it is attached to a
        logger by default (in less abstract terms, the `refinery.units.Unit.log_level` property is
        set to a positive value). This method detaches the unit from its logger, which also means that
        any exceptions that occur during runtime will be raised to the caller.
        """
        self.log_level = LogLevel.DETACHED
        return self

    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[Chunk, None, None]:
        return self

    @property
    def leniency(self) -> int:
        return getattr(self.args, 'lenient', 0)

    def _exception_handler(self, exception: BaseException, data: Optional[ByteString]):
        if data is not None and self.leniency > 1:
            try:
                return exception.partial
            except AttributeError:
                return data
        if isinstance(exception, RefineryPartialResult):
            if self.leniency >= 1:
                return exception.partial
            if self.log_level < LogLevel.DETACHED:
                self.log_warn(F'error, partial result returned: {exception}')
                return None
            raise exception
        elif self.log_level >= LogLevel.DETACHED:
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryCriticalException):
            self.log_warn(F'critical error, terminating: {exception}')
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, VariableMissing):
            self.log_warn('critical error:', exception.args[0])
        elif isinstance(exception, GeneratorExit):
            raise exception
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryImportMissing):
            self.log_fail(F'dependency {exception.missing} is missing; run pip install {exception.install}')
        elif isinstance(exception, RefineryException):
            self.log_fail(exception.args[0])
        else:
            try:
                explanation = exception.args[0]
            except (AttributeError, IndexError):
                explanation = exception
            if not isinstance(explanation, str):
                explanation = exception
            explanation = str(explanation).strip()
            message = F'exception of type {exception.__class__.__name__}'
            if explanation:
                message = F'{message}; {explanation!s}'
            if self.log_level <= LogLevel.INFO and data is not None:
                from refinery.units.sinks.peek import peek
                peeked = str(data | peek(lines=2, decode=True, stdout=True))
                message = F'{message}\n{peeked}'
            self.log_fail(message)

        if self.log_debug():
            import traceback
            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)

    def __next__(self) -> Chunk:
        if not self._chunks:
            self._chunks = iter(self._framehandler)
        while True:
            try:
                return next(self._chunks)
            except StopIteration:
                raise
            except RefineryCriticalException as R:
                raise StopIteration from R
            except BaseException as B:
                self._exception_handler(B, None)
                raise StopIteration from B

    @property
    def _framehandler(self) -> Framed:
        if self._framed:
            return self._framed

        def normalized_action(data: ByteString) -> Generator[Chunk, None, None]:
            try:
                result = self.act(data)
                if inspect.isgenerator(result):
                    yield from (x for x in result if x is not None)
                elif result is not None:
                    yield result
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                raise
            except BaseException as B:
                result = self._exception_handler(B, data)
                message = str(B).strip() or 'unknown'
                if result is not None:
                    yield self.labelled(result, error=message)

        self._framed = Framed(
            normalized_action,
            self.source,
            self.args.nesting,
            self.args.squeeze,
            self.filter,
            self.finish,
        )
        return self._framed

    def finish(self) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        yield from ()

    def filter(self, inputs: Iterable[Chunk]) -> Iterable[Chunk]:
        return inputs

    @classmethod
    def handles(self, data: bytearray) -> Optional[bool]:
        return None

    def reset(self):
        try:
            self._source.reset()
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        self._framed = None
        self._chunks = None

    @property
    def source(self):
        """
        Represents a unit or binary IO stream which has been attached to this unit as its
        source of input data.
        """
        return self._source

    @source.setter
    def source(self, stream):
        if isinstance(stream, self.__class__.__class__):
            stream = stream()
        if not isinstance(stream, self.__class__):
            self.reset()
        self._source = stream

    @property
    def nozzle(self) -> Unit:
        """
        The nozzle is defined recursively as the nozzle of `refinery.units.Unit.source`
        and `self` if no such thing exists. In other words, it is the leftmost unit in
        a pipeline, where data should be inserted for processing.
        """
        try:
            return self.source.nozzle
        except AttributeError:
            return self

    def __getitem__(self, unit: Union[Unit, Type[Unit], slice]):
        if isinstance(unit, type):
            unit = unit()
        alpha = self.__copy__()
        if isinstance(unit, slice):
            if unit.start or unit.stop or unit.step:
                raise ValueError
            alpha.args.squeeze = True
            return alpha
        omega = unit.__copy__()
        alpha.args.nesting += 1
        omega.args.nesting -= 1
        omega.nozzle.source = alpha
        return omega

    def __pos__(self):
        return self

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.nozzle.source.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

    def __neg__(self) -> Unit:
        pipeline = []
        cursor = self
        while isinstance(cursor, Unit):
            reversed = copy.copy(cursor)
            reversed.args.reverse = 1
            reversed._source = None
            reversed.reset()
            pipeline.append(reversed)
            cursor = cursor._source
        reversed = None
        while pipeline:
            reversed = reversed | pipeline.pop()
        return reversed

    def __ror__(self, stream: Union[str, ByteIO, ByteString]):
        if stream is None:
            return self
        if not isstream(stream):
            if isinstance(stream, str):
                stream = stream.encode(self.codec)
            stream = MemoryFile(stream) if stream else open(os.devnull, 'rb')
        self.reset()
        self.nozzle.source = stream
        return self

    def __str__(self):
        return self | str

    def __bytes__(self):
        return self | bytes

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Callable[[ByteString], _T]) -> _T: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Union[Unit, Type[Unit]]) -> Unit: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: dict) -> dict: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: list) -> list: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: set) -> set: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: bytearray) -> bytearray: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: memoryview) -> memoryview: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Type[None]) -> None: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: Type[bytearray]) -> bytearray: ...

    @overload
    def __or__(self, stream: ByteIO) -> ByteIO: ...

    def __or__(self, stream):
        def get_converter(it: Iterable):
            try:
                c = one(it)
            except LookupError:
                return None
            if ... is c:
                def identity(x):
                    return x
                return identity
            if callable(c):
                return c

        if stream is None:
            with open(os.devnull, 'wb') as null:
                self | null
            return
        if isinstance(stream, type) and issubclass(stream, Entry):
            stream = stream()
        if isinstance(stream, type(...)):
            def stream(c): return c
        if isinstance(stream, Entry):
            return stream.__copy__().__ror__(self)
        elif isinstance(stream, list):
            converter = get_converter(stream)
            if converter is None:
                stream.extend(self)
                return stream
            return [converter(chunk) for chunk in self]
        elif isinstance(stream, set):
            converter = get_converter(stream)
            if converter is None:
                stream.update(self)
                return stream
            return {converter(chunk) for chunk in self}
        elif isinstance(stream, dict):
            key, convert = one(stream.items())
            output: Dict[Any, Union[List[Chunk], Set[Chunk]]] = {}
            deconflict = None
            if isinstance(convert, (list, set)):
                deconflict = type(convert)
                convert = one(convert)
            for item in self:
                try:
                    value = item.meta[key]
                except KeyError:
                    value = None
                if convert is not ...:
                    item = convert(item)
                if deconflict:
                    bag = output.setdefault(value, deconflict())
                    if isinstance(bag, list):
                        bag.append(item)
                    else:
                        bag.add(item)
                else:
                    output[value] = item
            return output
        elif isinstance(stream, (bytearray, memoryview)):
            with MemoryFile(stream) as stdout:
                return (self | stdout).getvalue()
        elif callable(stream):
            with MemoryFile(bytearray()) as stdout:
                self | stdout
                out: bytearray = stdout.getbuffer()
                if isinstance(stream, type) and isinstance(out, stream):
                    return out
                if isinstance(stream, type) and issubclass(stream, str):
                    out = out.decode(self.codec)
                return stream(out)

        stream: ByteIO

        if not stream.writable():
            raise ValueError('target stream is not writable')

        self._target = stream

        def cname(x: str):
            return x.lower().replace('-', '')

        recode = self.isatty and cname(self.codec) != cname(sys.stdout.encoding)
        chunk = None

        for last, chunk in lookahead(self):
            if (
                not last
                and self._framehandler.framebreak
                and not chunk.endswith(B'\n')
            ):
                chunk.extend(B'\n')
            if recode:
                try:
                    chunk = chunk.decode(chunk, self.codec, errors='backslashreplace').encode(sys.stdout.encoding)
                except Exception:
                    pass
            try:
                stream.write(chunk)
                stream.flush()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            except (BrokenPipeError, OSError) as E:
                if isinstance(E, BrokenPipeError) or E.errno != 32:
                    # This happens when the next unit does not consume everything
                    # we send. For example, this can happen when a large file is
                    # read in chunks and the pick unit is used to select only the
                    # first few of these.
                    self.log_debug(F'cannot send to next unit: {E}')
                break

        try:
            if self.isatty and chunk and not chunk.endswith(B'\n'):
                stream.write(B'\n')
                stream.flush()
        except (NameError, AttributeError):
            pass

        return stream

    def read(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
        """
        Reads bytes from the output stream of this unit.
        """
        if not bytecount or bytecount < 0:
            return self.read1()
        bfr = bytearray(bytecount)
        offset = 0
        while offset < bytecount:
            tmp = self.read1(bytecount - offset)
            if not tmp:
                del bfr[offset:]
                break
            end = offset + len(tmp)
            bfr[offset:end] = tmp
            offset = end
        return bytes(bfr)

    def read1(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
        """
        Performs a single read against the output stream of this unit and returns
        the result.
        """
        try:
            out = self._buffer or next(self)
            if bytecount and bytecount > 0:
                out, self._buffer = out[:bytecount], out[bytecount:]
            elif self._buffer:
                self._buffer = B''
            return out
        except StopIteration:
            return B''

    def act(self, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString]) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Generator[ByteString, None, None]]:
        mode = self.args.reverse
        data = self.args @ data
        if not mode:
            return self.process(data)
        elif mode % 2:
            return self.reverse(data)
        else:
            return self.reverse(self.process(data))

    def __call__(self, data: Optional[Union[ByteString, Chunk]] = None) -> bytes:
        with MemoryFile(data) if data else open(os.devnull, 'rb') as stdin:
            stdin: ByteIO
            with MemoryFile() as stdout:
                return (stdin | self | stdout).getvalue()

    @classmethod
    def labelled(cls, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString], **meta) -> Chunk:
        """
        This class method can be used to label a chunk of binary output with metadata. This
        metadata will be visible inside pipeline frames, see `refinery.lib.frame`.
        """
        if isinstance(data, Chunk):
            data.meta.update(meta)
            return data
        return Chunk(data, meta=meta)

    def process(self, data: ByteString) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Generator[ByteString, None, None]]:
        return data

    @classmethod
    def log_fail(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.ERROR`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.ERROR)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.error(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_warn(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.WARN`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.WARNING)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.warning(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_info(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.INFO`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.INFO)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.info(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @classmethod
    def log_debug(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
        """
        Log the pmessage if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.DEBUG`.
        """
        rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.DEBUG)
        if rv and messages:
            cls.logger.debug(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
        return rv

    @property
    def isatty(self) -> bool:
        try:
            return self._target.isatty()
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    @classmethod
    def _output(cls, *messages, clip=False) -> str:
        def transform(message):
            if callable(message):
                message = message()
            if isinstance(message, Exception):
                args = [arg for arg in message.args if isinstance(arg, str)]
                if len(args) == 1:
                    message = args[0]
                else:
                    message = str(message)
            if isinstance(message, str):
                return message
            if isbuffer(message):
                import codecs
                message: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]
                pmsg: str = codecs.decode(message, cls.codec, 'surrogateescape')
                if not pmsg.isprintable():
                    pmsg = message.hex().upper()
                return pmsg
            else:
                import pprint
                return pprint.pformat(message)
        message = ' '.join(transform(msg) for msg in messages)
        if clip:
            from refinery.lib.tools import get_terminal_size
            length = get_terminal_size(75) - len(cls.name) - 27
            message = message[:length] + "..."
        return message

    @classmethod
    def _interface(cls, argp: ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks) -> ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks:
        """
        Receives a reference to an argument parser. This parser will be used to parse
        the command line for this unit into the member variable called `args`.
        """
        base = argp.add_argument_group('generic options')

        base.set_defaults(reverse=False, squeeze=False)
        base.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit.')
        base.add_argument('-L', '--lenient', action='count', default=0, help='Allow partial results as output.')
        base.add_argument('-Q', '--quiet', action='store_true', help='Disables all log output.')
        base.add_argument('-0', '--devnull', action='store_true', help='Do not produce any output.')
        base.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count', default=0,
            help='Specify up to two times to increase log level.')

        if cls.is_reversible:
            base.add_argument('-R', '--reverse', action='count', default=0,
                help='Use the reverse operation; Specify twice to normalize (first decode, then encode).')

        groups = {None: argp}

        for argument in reversed(cls._argument_specification.values()):
            gp = argument.group
            if gp not in groups:
                groups[gp] = argp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
            try:
                groups[gp].add_argument @ argument
            except Exception:
                raise RefineryCriticalException(F'Failed to queue argument: {argument!s}')

        return argp

    @classmethod
    def argparser(cls, **keywords):
        argp = ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks(
            keywords, prog=cls.name, description=documentation(cls), add_help=False)
        argp.set_defaults(nesting=0)
        return cls._interface(argp)

    @staticmethod
    def superinit(spc, **keywords):
        """
        This function uses `refinery.lib.tools.autoinvoke` to call the `__init__` function of `super` with
        by taking all required parameters from `keywords`, ignoring the rest. Calling
        ```
        self.superinit(super(), **vars())
        ```
        will therefore perform initialization of the parent class without having to forward all parameters
        manually. This is a convenience feature which reduces code bloat when many parameters have to be
        forwarded, see e.g. `refinery.units.pattern.carve.carve` for an example.
        """
        my_own_args = iter(inspect.signature(spc.__thisclass__.__init__).parameters.values())
        parent_args = inspect.signature(spc.__init__).parameters
        keywords.pop(next(my_own_args).name, None)
        for a in my_own_args:
            if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
                keywords.update(keywords.pop(a.name, {}))
        junk = [a for a in keywords]
        for a in parent_args.values():
            if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
                junk = [j for j in junk if j.startswith('_')]
                break
            try: junk.remove(a.name)
            except ValueError: pass
        for j in junk:
            del keywords[j]
        try:
            if spc.__init__.__func__ is Unit.__init__:
                return spc.__init__(**keywords)
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        return autoinvoke(spc.__init__, keywords)

    @classmethod
    def assemble(cls, *args, **keywords):
        """
        Creates a unit from the given arguments and keywords. The given keywords are used to overwrite any
        previously specified defaults for the argument parser of the unit, then this modified parser is
        used to parse the given list of arguments as though they were given on the command line. The parser
        results are used to construct an instance of the unit, this object is consequently returned.
        """
        argp = cls.argparser(**keywords)
        args = argp.parse_args_with_nesting(args)

        try:
            unit = autoinvoke(cls, args.__dict__)
        except ValueError as E:
            argp.error(str(E))
        else:
            unit.args._store(_argo=argp.order)
            unit.args.quiet = args.quiet
            unit.args.lenient = args.lenient
            unit.args.squeeze = args.squeeze
            unit.args.nesting = args.nesting
            unit.args.reverse = args.reverse
            unit.args.devnull = args.devnull
            unit.args.verbose = args.verbose

            if args.quiet:
                unit.log_level = LogLevel.NONE
            else:
                unit.log_level = args.verbose

            return unit

    def __copy__(self):
        cls = self.__class__
        clone: Unit = cls.__new__(cls)
        clone.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
    #   TODO: Preferably, units should keep all their information in args, making
    #         the above __dict__ update unnecessary.
    #   clone._buffer = self._buffer
    #   clone._source = self._source
        clone._target = None
        clone._framed = None
        clone._chunks = None
        clone.args = copy.copy(self.args)
        return clone

    def __init__(self, **keywords):
        self._buffer = B''
        self._source = None
        self._target = None
        self._framed = None
        self._chunks = None

        keywords.update(dict(
            nesting=0,
            reverse=False,
            squeeze=False,
            devnull=False,
            quiet=False,
        ))
        # Since Python 3.6, functions always preserve the order of the keyword
        # arguments passed to them (see PEP 468).
        self.args = DelayedArgumentProxy(Namespace(**keywords), list(keywords))
        self.log_detach()

    _SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG = '--debug-timing'
    _SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG = '--debug-traces'
    _SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG = '--yappi-timing'

    @classmethod
    def run(cls: Union[Type[Unit], Executable], argv=None, stream=None) -> None:
        """
        Implements command line execution. As `refinery.units.Unit` is an `refinery.units.Executable`,
        this method will be executed when a class inheriting from `refinery.units.Unit` is defined in
        the current `__main__` module.
        """
        if not environment.disable_ps1_bandaid.value:
            from refinery.lib import powershell
            ps1 = powershell.bandaid(cls.codec)
        else:
            ps1 = None

        try:
            sys.set_int_max_str_digits(0)
        except AttributeError:
            pass

        argv = argv if argv is not None else sys.argv[1:]
        clock = None
        yappi = None
        trace = False

        if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG in argv:
            trace = True
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG)

        if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
            from time import process_time
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG)
            clock = process_time()
            cls.logger.setLevel(LogLevel.INFO)
            cls.logger.info('starting clock: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

        if cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
            argv.remove(cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG)
            try:
                import yappi as _yappi
            except ImportError:
                cls.logger.warn('unable to start yappi; package is missing')
            else:
                yappi = _yappi

        if stream is None:
            stream = open(os.devnull, 'rb') if sys.stdin.isatty() else sys.stdin.buffer

        with stream as source:
            try:
                unit = cls.assemble(*argv)
            except ArgparseError as ap:
                ap.parser.error_commandline(str(ap))
                return
            except Exception as msg:
                if not trace:
                    cls.logger.critical(cls._output('initialization failed:', msg))
                else:
                    from traceback import format_exc
                    for line in format_exc().splitlines(keepends=False):
                        cls.logger.critical(cls._output(line))
                return

            if ps1:
                unit.log_debug(F'applying PowerShell band-aid for: {unit.name}')

            loglevel = environment.verbosity.value
            if loglevel:
                unit.log_level = loglevel

            if clock:
                unit.log_level = min(unit.log_level, LogLevel.INFO)
                unit.logger.info('unit launching: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

            if yappi is not None:
                yappi.set_clock_type('cpu')
                yappi.start()

            try:
                with open(os.devnull, 'wb') if unit.args.devnull else sys.stdout.buffer as output:
                    source | unit | output
            except ParserVariableMissing as E:
                unit.logger.error(F'the variable "{E!s}" was missing while trying to parse an expression')
            except ArgumentTypeError as E:
                unit.logger.error(F'delayed argument initialization failed: {E!s}')
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                unit.logger.warning('aborting due to keyboard interrupt')
            except OSError:
                pass

            if yappi is not None:
                stats = yappi.get_func_stats()
                filename = F'{unit.name}.perf'
                stats.save(filename, type='CALLGRIND')
                cls.logger.info(F'wrote yappi results to file: {filename}')

            if clock:
                stop_clock = process_time()
                unit.logger.info('stopping clock: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock))
                unit.logger.info('time delta was: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock - clock))

Ancestors

Subclasses

Class variables

var Arg

This class is specifically an argument for the add_argument method of an ArgumentParser from the argparse module. It can also be used as a decorator or annotation for the constructor of a refinery unit to better control the argument parser of that unit's command line interface. Example:

class prefixer(Unit):
    def __init__(
        self,
        prefix: Arg.Binary(help='This data will be prepended to the input.')
    ): ...
    def process(self, data):
        return self.args.prefix + data

Note that when the init of a unit has a return annotation that is a base class of itself, then all its parameters will automatically be forwarded to that base class.

var required_dependencies
var optional_dependencies
var is_reversible

This property is True if and only if the unit has a member function named reverse. By convention, this member function implements the inverse of Unit.process().

var codec

The default codec for encoding textual information between units. The value of this property is hardcoded to UTF8.

var logger
var name

Static methods

def Requires(distribution, *_buckets)
Expand source code Browse git
@staticmethod
def Requires(distribution: str, *_buckets: str):

    class Requirement(requirement):
        dependency: ClassVar[str] = distribution
        required: ClassVar[bool] = not _buckets

        def __init__(self, importer: Callable):
            super().__init__(importer)
            self.module = None

        def __set_name__(self, unit: Type[Unit], name: str):
            if self.required:
                bucket = unit.required_dependencies
                if bucket is None:
                    unit.required_dependencies = bucket = set()
                buckets = [bucket]
            else:
                optmap = unit.optional_dependencies
                if optmap is None:
                    unit.optional_dependencies = optmap = {}
                buckets = [optmap.setdefault(name, set()) for name in _buckets]
            for bucket in buckets:
                bucket.add(self.dependency)

        def __get__(self, unit: Optional[Type[Unit]], tp: Optional[Type[Executable]] = None):
            if self.module is not None:
                return self.module
            try:
                self.module = module = self.fget()
            except ImportError as E:
                deps = unit.optional_dependencies or {}
                args = set()
                for v in deps.values():
                    args.update(v)
                raise RefineryImportMissing(self.dependency, *args) from E
            except Exception as E:
                raise AttributeError(F'module import for distribution "{distribution}" failed: {E!s}')
            else:
                return module

    return Requirement
def labelled(data, **meta)

This class method can be used to label a chunk of binary output with metadata. This metadata will be visible inside pipeline frames, see refinery.lib.frame.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def labelled(cls, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString], **meta) -> Chunk:
    """
    This class method can be used to label a chunk of binary output with metadata. This
    metadata will be visible inside pipeline frames, see `refinery.lib.frame`.
    """
    if isinstance(data, Chunk):
        data.meta.update(meta)
        return data
    return Chunk(data, meta=meta)
def log_fail(*messages, clip=False)

Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least refinery.units.LogLevel.ERROR.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def log_fail(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
    """
    Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.ERROR`.
    """
    rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.ERROR)
    if rv and messages:
        cls.logger.error(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
    return rv
def log_warn(*messages, clip=False)

Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least refinery.units.LogLevel.WARN.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def log_warn(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
    """
    Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.WARN`.
    """
    rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.WARNING)
    if rv and messages:
        cls.logger.warning(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
    return rv
def log_info(*messages, clip=False)

Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least refinery.units.LogLevel.INFO.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def log_info(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
    """
    Log the message if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.INFO`.
    """
    rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.INFO)
    if rv and messages:
        cls.logger.info(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
    return rv
def log_debug(*messages, clip=False)

Log the pmessage if and only if the current log level is at least refinery.units.LogLevel.DEBUG.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def log_debug(cls: Union[Executable, Type[Unit]], *messages, clip=False) -> bool:
    """
    Log the pmessage if and only if the current log level is at least `refinery.units.LogLevel.DEBUG`.
    """
    rv = cls.logger.isEnabledFor(LogLevel.DEBUG)
    if rv and messages:
        cls.logger.debug(cls._output(*messages, clip=clip))
    return rv
def argparser(**keywords)
Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def argparser(cls, **keywords):
    argp = ArgumentParserWithKeywordHooks(
        keywords, prog=cls.name, description=documentation(cls), add_help=False)
    argp.set_defaults(nesting=0)
    return cls._interface(argp)
def superinit(spc, **keywords)

This function uses autoinvoke() to call the __init__ function of super with by taking all required parameters from keywords, ignoring the rest. Calling

self.superinit(super(), **vars())

will therefore perform initialization of the parent class without having to forward all parameters manually. This is a convenience feature which reduces code bloat when many parameters have to be forwarded, see e.g. carve for an example.

Expand source code Browse git
@staticmethod
def superinit(spc, **keywords):
    """
    This function uses `refinery.lib.tools.autoinvoke` to call the `__init__` function of `super` with
    by taking all required parameters from `keywords`, ignoring the rest. Calling
    ```
    self.superinit(super(), **vars())
    ```
    will therefore perform initialization of the parent class without having to forward all parameters
    manually. This is a convenience feature which reduces code bloat when many parameters have to be
    forwarded, see e.g. `refinery.units.pattern.carve.carve` for an example.
    """
    my_own_args = iter(inspect.signature(spc.__thisclass__.__init__).parameters.values())
    parent_args = inspect.signature(spc.__init__).parameters
    keywords.pop(next(my_own_args).name, None)
    for a in my_own_args:
        if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
            keywords.update(keywords.pop(a.name, {}))
    junk = [a for a in keywords]
    for a in parent_args.values():
        if a.kind is a.VAR_KEYWORD:
            junk = [j for j in junk if j.startswith('_')]
            break
        try: junk.remove(a.name)
        except ValueError: pass
    for j in junk:
        del keywords[j]
    try:
        if spc.__init__.__func__ is Unit.__init__:
            return spc.__init__(**keywords)
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    return autoinvoke(spc.__init__, keywords)
def assemble(*args, **keywords)

Creates a unit from the given arguments and keywords. The given keywords are used to overwrite any previously specified defaults for the argument parser of the unit, then this modified parser is used to parse the given list of arguments as though they were given on the command line. The parser results are used to construct an instance of the unit, this object is consequently returned.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def assemble(cls, *args, **keywords):
    """
    Creates a unit from the given arguments and keywords. The given keywords are used to overwrite any
    previously specified defaults for the argument parser of the unit, then this modified parser is
    used to parse the given list of arguments as though they were given on the command line. The parser
    results are used to construct an instance of the unit, this object is consequently returned.
    """
    argp = cls.argparser(**keywords)
    args = argp.parse_args_with_nesting(args)

    try:
        unit = autoinvoke(cls, args.__dict__)
    except ValueError as E:
        argp.error(str(E))
    else:
        unit.args._store(_argo=argp.order)
        unit.args.quiet = args.quiet
        unit.args.lenient = args.lenient
        unit.args.squeeze = args.squeeze
        unit.args.nesting = args.nesting
        unit.args.reverse = args.reverse
        unit.args.devnull = args.devnull
        unit.args.verbose = args.verbose

        if args.quiet:
            unit.log_level = LogLevel.NONE
        else:
            unit.log_level = args.verbose

        return unit
def run(argv=None, stream=None)

Implements command line execution. As Unit is an Executable, this method will be executed when a class inheriting from Unit is defined in the current __main__ module.

Expand source code Browse git
@classmethod
def run(cls: Union[Type[Unit], Executable], argv=None, stream=None) -> None:
    """
    Implements command line execution. As `refinery.units.Unit` is an `refinery.units.Executable`,
    this method will be executed when a class inheriting from `refinery.units.Unit` is defined in
    the current `__main__` module.
    """
    if not environment.disable_ps1_bandaid.value:
        from refinery.lib import powershell
        ps1 = powershell.bandaid(cls.codec)
    else:
        ps1 = None

    try:
        sys.set_int_max_str_digits(0)
    except AttributeError:
        pass

    argv = argv if argv is not None else sys.argv[1:]
    clock = None
    yappi = None
    trace = False

    if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG in argv:
        trace = True
        argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TRACES_FLAG)

    if cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
        from time import process_time
        argv.remove(cls._SECRET_DEBUG_TIMING_FLAG)
        clock = process_time()
        cls.logger.setLevel(LogLevel.INFO)
        cls.logger.info('starting clock: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

    if cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG in argv:
        argv.remove(cls._SECRET_YAPPI_TIMING_FLAG)
        try:
            import yappi as _yappi
        except ImportError:
            cls.logger.warn('unable to start yappi; package is missing')
        else:
            yappi = _yappi

    if stream is None:
        stream = open(os.devnull, 'rb') if sys.stdin.isatty() else sys.stdin.buffer

    with stream as source:
        try:
            unit = cls.assemble(*argv)
        except ArgparseError as ap:
            ap.parser.error_commandline(str(ap))
            return
        except Exception as msg:
            if not trace:
                cls.logger.critical(cls._output('initialization failed:', msg))
            else:
                from traceback import format_exc
                for line in format_exc().splitlines(keepends=False):
                    cls.logger.critical(cls._output(line))
            return

        if ps1:
            unit.log_debug(F'applying PowerShell band-aid for: {unit.name}')

        loglevel = environment.verbosity.value
        if loglevel:
            unit.log_level = loglevel

        if clock:
            unit.log_level = min(unit.log_level, LogLevel.INFO)
            unit.logger.info('unit launching: {:.4f}'.format(clock))

        if yappi is not None:
            yappi.set_clock_type('cpu')
            yappi.start()

        try:
            with open(os.devnull, 'wb') if unit.args.devnull else sys.stdout.buffer as output:
                source | unit | output
        except ParserVariableMissing as E:
            unit.logger.error(F'the variable "{E!s}" was missing while trying to parse an expression')
        except ArgumentTypeError as E:
            unit.logger.error(F'delayed argument initialization failed: {E!s}')
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            unit.logger.warning('aborting due to keyboard interrupt')
        except OSError:
            pass

        if yappi is not None:
            stats = yappi.get_func_stats()
            filename = F'{unit.name}.perf'
            stats.save(filename, type='CALLGRIND')
            cls.logger.info(F'wrote yappi results to file: {filename}')

        if clock:
            stop_clock = process_time()
            unit.logger.info('stopping clock: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock))
            unit.logger.info('time delta was: {:.4f}'.format(stop_clock - clock))

Instance variables

var is_quiet
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def is_quiet(self) -> bool:
    try:
        return self.args.quiet
    except AttributeError:
        return False
var log_level

Returns the current log level as an element of refinery.units.LogLevel.

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def log_level(self) -> LogLevel:
    """
    Returns the current log level as an element of `refinery.units.LogLevel`.
    """
    if self.is_quiet:
        return LogLevel.NONE
    return LogLevel(self.logger.getEffectiveLevel())
var leniency
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def leniency(self) -> int:
    return getattr(self.args, 'lenient', 0)
var source

Represents a unit or binary IO stream which has been attached to this unit as its source of input data.

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def source(self):
    """
    Represents a unit or binary IO stream which has been attached to this unit as its
    source of input data.
    """
    return self._source
var nozzle

The nozzle is defined recursively as the nozzle of Unit.source and self if no such thing exists. In other words, it is the leftmost unit in a pipeline, where data should be inserted for processing.

Expand source code Browse git
@property
def nozzle(self) -> Unit:
    """
    The nozzle is defined recursively as the nozzle of `refinery.units.Unit.source`
    and `self` if no such thing exists. In other words, it is the leftmost unit in
    a pipeline, where data should be inserted for processing.
    """
    try:
        return self.source.nozzle
    except AttributeError:
        return self
var isatty
Expand source code Browse git
@property
def isatty(self) -> bool:
    try:
        return self._target.isatty()
    except AttributeError:
        return False

Methods

def log_detach(self)

When a unit is created using the Unit.assemble() method, it is attached to a logger by default (in less abstract terms, the Unit.log_level property is set to a positive value). This method detaches the unit from its logger, which also means that any exceptions that occur during runtime will be raised to the caller.

Expand source code Browse git
def log_detach(self) -> None:
    """
    When a unit is created using the `refinery.units.Unit.assemble` method, it is attached to a
    logger by default (in less abstract terms, the `refinery.units.Unit.log_level` property is
    set to a positive value). This method detaches the unit from its logger, which also means that
    any exceptions that occur during runtime will be raised to the caller.
    """
    self.log_level = LogLevel.DETACHED
    return self
def reset(self)
Expand source code Browse git
def reset(self):
    try:
        self._source.reset()
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    self._framed = None
    self._chunks = None
def read(self, bytecount=-1)

Reads bytes from the output stream of this unit.

Expand source code Browse git
def read(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
    """
    Reads bytes from the output stream of this unit.
    """
    if not bytecount or bytecount < 0:
        return self.read1()
    bfr = bytearray(bytecount)
    offset = 0
    while offset < bytecount:
        tmp = self.read1(bytecount - offset)
        if not tmp:
            del bfr[offset:]
            break
        end = offset + len(tmp)
        bfr[offset:end] = tmp
        offset = end
    return bytes(bfr)
def read1(self, bytecount=-1)

Performs a single read against the output stream of this unit and returns the result.

Expand source code Browse git
def read1(self, bytecount: int = -1) -> bytes:
    """
    Performs a single read against the output stream of this unit and returns
    the result.
    """
    try:
        out = self._buffer or next(self)
        if bytecount and bytecount > 0:
            out, self._buffer = out[:bytecount], out[bytecount:]
        elif self._buffer:
            self._buffer = B''
        return out
    except StopIteration:
        return B''
def act(self, data)
Expand source code Browse git
def act(self, data: Union[Chunk, ByteString]) -> Union[Optional[ByteString], Generator[ByteString, None, None]]:
    mode = self.args.reverse
    data = self.args @ data
    if not mode:
        return self.process(data)
    elif mode % 2:
        return self.reverse(data)
    else:
        return self.reverse(self.process(data))

Inherited members